Солтүстік Вьетнамдағы Тай халқы

Ethnic group in northern Vietnam

The Tày people, also known as the Thổ, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di, are a Central Tai speaking ethnic group who live in northern Vietnam. According to a 2009 census, there are 1.7 million Tày people living in Vietnam. This makes them the second largest ethnic group in Vietnam after the majority Kinh (Vietnamese) ethnic group. Most live in northern Vietnam in the Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên, and Quảng Ninh provinces, along the valleys and the lower slopes of the mountains. They also live in some regions of the Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang provinces. They inhabit fertile plains and are generally agriculturalists, mainly cultivating rice. They also cultivate maize, and sweet potato among other things.

The Tày were originally known as the Thổ people. Thổ is derived from Chinese (土), which means 'land' and 'local'. Although not inherently a pejorative it was often used as such in practice (cf. "bumpkin") in both Vietnam and China. Under the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Thổ was deemed a pejorative and substituted with Tày. The Tày are closely related to the Nùng people and Zhuang people, who they are culturally and linguistically almost indistinguishable from. Although they are considered an indigenous group, portions of their population likely originated in China during the 11th and 12th centuries. However unlike the Nùng, they were more heavily Vietnamized due to their closer proximity to the Kinh and shared similar cultural practices with the Vietnamese such as lacquering their teeth black. By 1900 around 30% of their language was made of Vietnamese loan words. Tày customs were altered greatly due to Vietnamese and Confucian patriarchal structures, however some customs persisted. Polygamy with multiple equal wives and legitimacy of issue was practiced. Marriage was preferred to occur within the clan. Young wives lived with their parents until giving birth to their first child. Tày women, like those of the Nùng and Zhuang, were said to have used poison to seek revenge when wronged. An altar for the ancestors is usually placed in a central location in the house. The altar room is considered sacred; guests and women who have given birth are not allowed to sit on the bed in front of the altar. Some Tày have adopted Mahayana Buddhism under the influence of Vietnamese and Chinese culture. ]]The Tày people speak the Tày language, among other Tai dialects of the Kra–Dai languages. Literacy in their own language is quite low among Tày people, probably around 5% or less. Dialects include Central Tày, Eastern Tày, Southern Tày, Northern Tày, Tày Trung Khanh, Thu Lao, and Tày Bao Lac, Tày Binh Lieu. There is a continuum of dialects to southern Zhuang in China.

Lồng tồng (literally: "Going down the rice paddy") celebrated after the New Lunar Year Festival to pray for a good harvest. Tăm khảu mảu (literally: "Braying the young rice") celebrated as the rice is ripening.

Đàn tính: is a string instrument with two or three strings. In 2019, Practices of Then by Tày, Nùng and Thái ethnic groups in Viet Nam was recognized by UNESCO as a Intangible cultural heritage.

A part of the modern day Tày population encompasses Tày ized Vietnamese who live mainly in what is now Lang Son. These Tày ized Vietnamese have their origins traced back to the Vietnamese living further south in the deltas of the Ca, Ma, and Red Rivers, e. g. Nghe An, Nam Dinh, etc. dispatched to the Sino Annamese border by Annamese imperial governments to serve as governmental officials and local leaders (phiên thần thổ ty). These people were then forbidden to return to their home areas.

Hoàng Văn Thụ, General Secretary of the Indochina Communist Party. Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from April 22, 2001 to January 19, 2011. Hoàng Đức Triều, pen name An Định, a communist and poet, who worked with Ho Chi Minh. Hoàng Thị Tuân, representative in the Twelfth Việtnamese National Assembly. Lê Thế Khanh is likely the first Vietnamese poet writing in the Chinese language with his poem "Cố Hương Từ". Bế Văn Phụng, Tư Thiên Quản Nhạc Madarin of the Mạc reign who modified Theng music into a kind of imperial music; author of lượn "Tam Nguyên". Nông Quỳnh Vân, author of lượn "Hồng Nhan Tứ Qúy". Hoàng Đức Hậu, a famous poet composing the first of two parallel line of verse that nobody can't make the second one. Nông Quốc Chấn, a famous poet. Nông Văn Phách alias Vũ Lập, is one of beloved hero during the war against Cambodian. He was one of the most successor to guard the north border of Vietnam to prevent china invade. However, with his skill in battles and diplomacy, he didn't need to use force but he kept the Viet China border clear. He died later because of illness. The whole north region of Vietnam mourns his death. La Văn Cầu, a military hero in the war of resistance against French colonial rule. Bế Văn Đàn, a military hero in the war of resistance against French colonial rule. Phùng Thanh Độ, a famous streamer.