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Method of dismissal in cricket

Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. A run out usually occurs when the batters are attempting to run between the wickets, and the fielding team succeed in getting the ball to one of the wickets before a batter has crossed the crease line near the wicket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket. A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long established but not universal conventions about the spirit of the game.

A batter is out run out if, at any time while the ball is in play, no part of his/her bat or person is grounded behind the popping crease and his/her wicket is fairly broken by the action of a fielder. The batter whose ground is at the end where the wicket is broken is out. A batter can be run out even when not attempting a run if he/she is out of his/her crease and the wicket is put down by a fielder. For example, the striker is run out if the batter plays the ball which is collected by a close fielder and the wicket is broken when the striker has left his/her ground to play the ball. If a batter has a runner, the batter must also stay in the crease when the ball is in play, and the batter can be run out if he/she or his/her runner is out of the crease when the wicket is broken.

If either batter is run out, the run in progress when the wicket is put down is not counted. Any runs completed will be counted, together with any runs for penalties awarded to either side. If the striker has a runner and is themself run out (which would be at the striker's end), then no runs count and the umpire returns the non striker to the original (non striking) end. If the striker's runner, a non striker's runner, or the non striker themselves, is run out, runs completed will be counted.

The bowler does not get credit for the wicket. Credit is given to the "primary" fielder who gathers the ball and either puts down the wicket or makes the ball available for another player to do so, and any other "assistant" fielders who touch the ball, including a player who ultimately puts down the wicket, But if the bowler bowls and is the primary fielder to break the bails and no assistant feilder has intervened the credit is ultimately given to the bowler.

The batter can be run out if the ball is in play (i. e not 'dead'). They may intentionally leave the crease not attempting a run, for example to talk to the non striker or to pat the pitch. They can do this because of the customary understanding with the fielding team that the ball is considered dead at that time. If that understanding breaks down, a fielder might put down the wicket. As ever, the fielding team must appeal for any dismissal to occur, and the fielding captain will withdraw the appeal if they view it to be unwarranted by the spirit of the game, which will depend on judgement of custom, practice and circumstance. But if an appeal is made, the umpire must give the batter out unless they consider that a dead ball pertained. There have been instances, such as a Test match in 2006, when Muttiah Muralitharan left his crease to congratulate Kumar Sangakkara on completing his century, and was run out by Brendon McCullum. McCullum subsequently stated that he regretted that his actions were not within the spirit of the game. In a contrasting incident in a Test match against India in 2011, Ian Bell was initially given run out after leaving his crease, wrongly assuming his shot had reached the boundary, but the appeal was later withdrawn by the fielding captain MS Dhoni and Bell was allowed to resume his innings. The essential distinction of this incident is that the ball is automatically dead when it reaches the boundary (interpretation by the umpire is not required), and so Bell left his crease under a misapprehension that may have been reinforced by the actions of some of the fielding team, who were under the same misapprehension. An intention to deceive the batter is explicitly unfair and would itself cause the ball to become adjudged dead by the umpire, but otherwise a batter is still run out on appeal if they are out of their ground wrongly believing the ball to have become automatically dead.