Фрэнсис Джозеф Киттс: Жаңа Зеландия саяхатшысының өмірі мен қызметі

New Zealand politician

Sir Francis Joseph Kitts (1 May 1912 – 16 March 1979) was a New Zealand politician. Originally from the South Island, he served in the military and later was a civil servant before entering politics with the Labour Party. He was the Member of Parliament for between and 1960. He was also the longest serving Mayor of Wellington, holding the post from 1956 to 1974. He was also a member at various times of several other local bodies and was still an elected official at his death.

Kitts was born in Waimate, the son of an Australian quarryman, and attended Marist Brothers primary school alongside his half brother John before completing his education at Timaru Boys' High School. He was an active athlete and was a talented swimmer also having an interest in both boxing and rugby. He was a firm believer in physical fitness and had a lifelong twice a day exercise regimen. Whilst still at high school he joined the branch of the Labour Party at 16, with his father's encouragement, and was branch president from 1936 to 1938. In 1938 Kitts stood unsuccessfully for the Timaru Borough Council as a Labour candidate. Kitts enlisted in the Royal New Zealand Air Force in July 1940 during World War II and served for five years with the home forces as a staff sergeant. Whilst posted in Otaki he met Iris Woodcock at the local racecourse and the two married in 1949. The couple had no children. Following the war he moved to Wellington, and worked as a civil servant in a clerical role for the Government Stores Board. He became the vice president of the branch of the Labour Party in 1947. He was a competent debater and was a team leader for the Wellington Metropolitan Debating Club. He held Saturday morning talks along a walking route down Bowen Street Lambton Quay and Willis Street with residents from all around Wellington, which earned him a public reputation in the city. Kitts walked the route nearly every day for the next 25 years. Newspaper reports after his death say he was a "man of mystery" as little is known about his early life, and his Who's Who in New Zealand entries in 1971 and 1978 both start with his election to Wellington local bodies in 1950. His brother, Father John Kitts, who was chaplain at the Villa Maria Convent in Brisbane, stated that Kitts seldom spoke of his private life and his wife Iris was the only person who truly knew him.

Kitts stood unsuccessfully for Labour in two elections, in for , and in for He was also speculated as a potential successor to Peter Fraser in the 1951 Brooklyn by election but declined to stand. He was finally elected as the Member of Parliament for from to replace the retiring Charles Chapman. Given his mayoral experience the press speculated he was a likely candidate for the role of either Speaker of the House of Representatives or Chairman of Committees after the formation of the Second Labour Government. He was appointed to neither and remained a backbencher. During the government's term, Kitts was one of a group of three Labour MPs (the others being Mick Moohan and Bill Fox) who were deeply critical of the decisions made in the "Black Budget". Kitts supported the 1959 National Roads Amendment Bill, which allowed the construction of free flowing state highways into urban centres by the government funded by petrol taxes. He also supported the controversial plan by the Ministry of Works to build the Wellington Urban Motorway through the historic Bolton Street Cemetery, arguing it was necessary for commuters to get to and from work. He was to hold the seat to 1960, when he was unexpectedly defeated by the National candidate Dan Riddiford. He later failed to win back the electorate in 1963. Kitts' brother said that not remaining in Parliament longer had been his biggest regret. In increasing his majority over twelve percent against the national trend newspapers lauded Kitts' win as a 'personal triumph'. In 1962 he recorded the highest ever number of votes in a mayoral election in Wellington. He was a "full time mayor" devoting as full working day to the role and made a point of attending to the ceremonial and social aspects of the mayoralty. He would attend thousands of meetings and functions in the city every year. This was a departure from the traditional concept of the mayoral office as a part time role for a businessman politician, which was used unsuccessfully by the Citizens' mayoral candidates in 1959 and 1962 as the basis for their campaigns against Kitts. This backfired on the Citizens' as many groups and businesses in the city appreciated the advent of an "open door policy" for them with the mayoral office. Kitts' had a legendary reputation for food consumption at such functions. He was said to swallow sausage rolls "like he was posting a letter" and famously devoured two cooked chickens in a single sitting. The city continued to modernise under Kitts, one particular landmark of this was in May 1964 when the council replaced its system of trams for public transport with trolley buses. This was after a long public campaign to retain the trams led by Saul Goldsmith. Kitts himself confessed he had a secret desire to keep the trams, but as the council had a Citizen's majority he could not stop the process, describing the decision to replace them as a "retrograde step." During his mayoralty the council began its foray into public housing. In August 1965 the Hanson Court flats, with 30 low rental units, were opened in Newtown. This opened a new a civic endeavour that was to produce multiple affordable high density homes. This was followed by the Te Ara Hou flats, Arlington Flats and the Central Park flats among others, ultimately resulting 2,300 units making Wellington City Council one of the country's largest residential landlords. This was part of a larger urban renewal agenda promoted by Citizens' councillor George Porter, who Kitts thought of as a 'secret socialist' and was happy to support him. In 1969 he surpassed Thomas Hislop to become Wellington's longest serving mayor. That year, Cuba Street was pedestrianised by his council to create what is now known as Cuba Mall. As mayor Kitts travelled overseas as an ambassador for the city and made a point of visiting every city named Wellington in the world. In 1971 he visited Antarctica. He did become President of the Sporting Clubs Association of New Zealand. In a surprise move, Kitts attempted a political comeback in 1977. He was again defeated by Fowler with his vote share falling further, though contrarily his vote increased for the Harbour Board, to which he was again elected. A Dominion editorial said of Kitts' candidature "No one knew what Frank Kitts did during his three years in the political wilderness and no one knew why he wanted to come back".

Kitts died suddenly on 16 March 1979, aged 67, collapsing at his home after completing a morning shopping trip with his wife. There is a children's playground, the orange foremast recovered from TEV Wahine, and a water sculpture The Albatross by Tanya Ashken.

Kitts was known for his tireless public service, which continued after his retirement, including helping Wellington's immigrant community. In the 1966 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Bachelor for services as mayor of Wellington. In the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours, Kitts' wife, Iris, Lady Kitts, was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the community as mayoress of Wellington between 1956 and 1974. Iris was well liked as Mayoress, but attracted sympathy due to unsubstantiated innuendos about her husband being a philanderer. The Kitts Trophy for Impromptu Speaking is awarded by the Wellington Speaking Union every year. The trophy is named after Kitts, who donated it in 1967 to encourage excellence in impromptu speaking.