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Eschweiler (, Ripuarian: Eischwiele) is a municipality in the district of Aachen in North Rhine Westphalia in Germany on the river Inde, near the German Belgian Dutch border, and about east of Aachen and west of Cologne.

Celts (first ore mining) and Romans (roads and villae rusticae). 828 First mentioned by Einhard, the biographer of Charlemagne. 1394 Coal mining first mentioned. For some centuries part of the Duchy of Jülich. 1678 Completely destroyed except one house and the valuable leather Pietà. 1794 To France. 1800 French municipal rights and capital of the Canton of Eschweiler in the French Département de la Roer. 1816 To Prussia. The French Cantons of Burtscheid and Eschweiler are put together to form the Prussian Kreis Aachen. 1838 Foundation of the first joint stock company in the then Kingdom of Prussia: Eschweiler Bergwerksverein (i. e. Eschweiler Coal Mining Company) EBV. 1858 Prussian municipal rights. Its quarters Hehlrath, Kinzweiler and St. Jöris are released in order to form the new municipality of Kinzweiler. 1932 Hastenrath and Nothberg become a part of Eschweiler. 1944 Heavily destroyed in World War II, the last coal mine was flooded during the war and never been re opened. Part of the federal land of North Rhine Westphalia. 1960s Complete modernization of Eschweiler's downtown and regulation of the Inde in order to prevent the regular inundations. 1972 Reorganization of administration in North Rhine Westphalia: Eschweiler increases overnight from some 38,000 inhabitants to about 55,000 by receiving the villages Dürwiß, Laurenzberg, Lohn and Weisweiler. Kinzweiler, after 114 years, comes back. 1970s Eschweiler loses seven quarters because of the brown coal opencast mining: Erberich, Hausen, Langendorf, Laurenzberg, Lohn, Lürken and Pützlohn.

Eschweiler has three municipal halls (Dürwiß, Kinzweiler and Weisweiler), a cinema, a municipal art collection and the so called Culture Centre Talbahnhof for cabaret and music events. Every summer the Eschweiler Music Festival EMF takes place. People go to the numerous pubs around the Market Place and in the old town alley Schnellengasse as well as to the large scale discothèque Klejbor's.

Eschweiler is a center of Rhineland carnival. It has more than 20 active carnival clubs, and every Monday before Lent it has the third of Germany's longest carnival processions.

Eschweiler is home to the St. Antonius Hospital with 443 beds and 13 departments. Every year, there are some 15,000 in patients and 25,000 out patients. The Euregio Breast Centre is part of the hospital.

Soccer, ice hockey, golf, open air swimming pool, indoor swimming pool, horse sports, handball.

Chemicals and goods are the main products, while it also has a lignite powered power plant rated at 2.8 GW.

The lignite (brown coal) deposits in the region are former Miocene swamp forest dominated by Castanopsis, a type of chinkapin. Such plants do not occur naturally in Europe. A type of fossil wood has been described from logs found in Eschweiler mines. It was named Castanoxylon eschweilerense in reference to the town; the name would translate as "Eschweiler chinkapin wood", as it probably belonged to Castanopsis but perhaps to some other genus of chinkapin.

Eschweiler has six railway stations: Eschweiler Hauptbahnhof (central station), Eschweiler Aue (from 2009), Eschweiler West, Eschweiler Talbahnhof, Eschweiler Nothberg, Eschweiler Weisweiler and Nothberg (till 2009). Eschweiler St. Jöris is planned. Eschweiler has two bus terminals and bus lines in every quarter and in its whole vicinity. Autobahn exits on the A 4 include Eschweiler West, Eschweiler Ost and Weisweiler. The city can be reached also by three exits on the A 44: Aldenhoven, Alsdorf and Broichweiden.