Зәр шығару тесігінің тарылуы

Stenosis of the opening of the urethra at the external meatus

Urethral meatal stenosis is a narrowing (stenosis) of the opening of the urethra at the external meatus /m//iː/'/eɪ//t//ə//s/, thus constricting the opening through which urine leaves the body from the urinary bladder.

The protection provided by the foreskin for the glans penis and meatus has been recognized since 1915. In the absence of the foreskin the meatus is exposed to mechanical and chemical irritation from ammoniacal diaper (nappy) that produces blister formation and ulceration of the urethral opening, which eventually gives rise to meatal stenosis (a narrowing of the opening). Meatal stenosis may also be caused by ischemia resulting from damage to the frenular artery during circumcision.

Frisch & Simonsen (2016) carried out a very large scale study in Denmark, which compared the incidence of meatal stenosis in Muslim males (mostly circumcised) with the incidence of meatal stenosis in ethnic Danish males (mostly non circumcised). The risk of meatal stenosis in circumcised males was found to be as much 3.7 times higher than in the non circumcised males. while Jayanthi (2003) recommends the use of a modified Snodgrass hypospadias repair.

In females, meatal stenosis can usually be treated in the physician's office using local anesthesia to numb the area and dilating (widening) the urethral opening with special instruments. In males, it is treated by a second surgical procedure called meatotomy in which the meatus is crushed with a straight mosquito hemostat and then divided with fine tipped scissors.

Most people can expect normal urination after treatment. Sörensen & Sörensen (1988) reported 0 percent. Cathcart et al. (2006) reported an incidence of 0.55 percent. Yegane et al. (2006) reported an incidence of 0.9 percent. Van Howe (2006) reported an incidence of 7.29 percent. According to Emedicine (2016), the incidence of meatal stenosis runs from 9 to 20 percent. Frisch & Simonsen (2016) placed the incidence at 5 to 20 percent of circumcised boys.