Элейн Морган: Уэльс мұрағаты және эволюция теориясы

Welsh writer and evolutionist, 1920–2013

Elaine Morgan OBE, FRSL (7 November 1920 – 12 July 2013), was a Welsh writer for television and the author of several books on evolutionary anthropology. She advocated the aquatic ape hypothesis, which advocated as a corrective to what she saw as theories that purveyed gendered stereotypes and failed to account for women's role in human evolution adequately. The Descent of Woman, published in 1972, became an international bestseller, translated into ten languages. In 2016, she was named one of "the 50 greatest Welsh men and women of all time" in a press survey.

Elaine Floyd was born and brought up in Hopkinstown, near Pontypridd, in Wales. Her father was a coal miner. and they had three sons, the oldest being Dylan Morgan. She also published Falling Apart: the Rise and Decline of Urban Civilization in 1976, and in 2005 Pinker's List, a critique of Steven Pinker's The Blank Slate. Morgan wrote for many television series, including the adaptations of How Green Was My Valley (1975), Off to Philadelphia in the Morning (1978) and Testament of Youth (1979). Her other work included episodes of Dr. Finlay's Casebook (1963–1970), the biographical drama The Life and Times of David Lloyd George (1981) and contributions to the Campion (1989) series. She won two BAFTAs and two Writers' Guild awards. She also wrote the script for the Horizon documentary about the disabled fund raiser Joey Deacon, winning the Prix Italia in 1975. She was honoured with the Writer of the Year Award from the Royal Television Society for her serialisation of Vera Brittain's Testament of Youth (1979). In 2003 Morgan started a weekly column for the Welsh daily The Western Mail, which won her the 2011 Columnist of the Year award in the Society of Editors' Regional Press Awards. She was awarded an honorary D. Litt. by Glamorgan University in December 2006, an honorary fellowship of the University of Cardiff in 2007, and the Letten F. Saugstad Prize for her "contribution to scientific knowledge". Morgan was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours for services to literature and education. She became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature the same year, and an honorary freeman of Rhondda Cynon Taf in April 2013.

Morgan has promoted a version of the aquatic ape hypothesis, which proposes that human evolution had an "aquatic phase" in the Miocene or Pliocene epoch. Although Morgan's aquatic ape hypothesis has been debunked by the anthropology and scientific community, and is classified as a pseudoscience, it has achieved popular appeal since the publication of Descent of Woman in 1972. Morgan's work has received warm comments from several prominent people. Philosopher Daniel Dennett wrote of the criticisms of her:

text=Many of the counterarguments seem awfully thin and ad hoc. During the last few years when I have found myself in the company of distinguished biologists, evolutionary theorists, paleo anthropologists, and other experts, I have often asked them just to tell me, please, exactly why Morgan must be wrong about the aquatic ape theory. I haven't yet had a reply worth mentioning, aside from those who admit, with a twinkle in their eyes, that they have often wondered the same thing. And in a BBC/Discovery Channel Documentary, the South African anthropologist Phillip V. Tobias said:

text=I see Elaine Morgan, through her series of superbly written books, presenting a challenge to the scientists to take an interest in this thing, to look at the evidence dispassionately. Not to avert your gaze as though it were something you that you hadn't ought to hear about or hadn't ought to see. And those that are honest with themselves are going to dispassionately examine the evidence. We've got to if we are going to be true to our calling as scientists. In 2000 Morgan was awarded the Letten F Saugstad prize in Oslo for her "contribution to scientific knowledge" and in December 2008 she was admitted as a Fellow of the Linnean Society, following in the footsteps of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

Morgan died at the age of 92 on 12 July 2013. Welsh author Trevor Fishlock described her in an obituary as a writer "who brought out the flavour of Wales." In 2019, Morgan was one of five women on a shortlist for a Cardiff statue. and Algis Kuliukas wrote one emphasising more her "aquatic ape" work. The author, Bruce Lindsay, states in his biography of Scottish poet Ivor Cutler that Cutler dedicated one of his poetry books, "Is that your flap, Jack?" to Morgan saying: "With deep gratitude to Elaine Morgan, author of 'The Descent of Woman', for changing my understanding of man".