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Notation for expressing numbers in Thai

Thai numerals (เลขไทย, , ) are a set of numerals traditionally used in Thailand, although the Arabic numerals are more common due to extensive westernization of Thailand in the modern Rattanakosin period. Thai numerals follow the Hindu–Arabic numeral system commonly used in the rest of the world. In Thai language, numerals often follow the modified noun and precede a measure word, although variations to this pattern occur.

The Thai language lacks grammatical number. A count is usually expressed in the form of an uninflected noun followed by a number and a classifier. "Five teachers" is expressed as "teacher five person" khru ha khon (ครูห้าคน or with the numeral included ครู ๕ คน.) Khon "person" is a type of referent noun that is also used as the Thai part of speech called in English a linguistic classifier, or measure word. In Thai, counting is kannap (การนับ; nap is "to count", kan is a prefix that forms a noun from a verb); the classifier, laksananam (ลักษณนาม from laksana characteristic, form, attribute, quality, pattern, style; and nam name, designation, appellation.) Variations to this pattern do occur, and there really is no hierarchy among Thai classifiers. A partial list of Thai words that also classify nouns can be found in Wiktionary category: Thai classifiers.

Numbers above a million are constructed by prefixing lan with a multiplier. For example, ten million is sip lan, and a trillion (1012, a long scale billion) is lan lan.

Colloquially, decimal numbers are formed by saying chut (จุด, dot) where the decimal separator is located. For example, 1.01 is nueng chut sun nueng (หนึ่งจุดศูนย์หนึ่ง). Fractional numbers are formed by placing nai (ใน, in, of) between the numerator and denominator or using [set] x suan y ([เศษ] x ส่วน y, x parts of the whole y) to clearly indicate. For example, is nueng nai sam (หนึ่งในสาม) or [set] nueng suan sam ([เศษ]หนึ่งส่วนสาม). The word set (เศษ) can be omitted. The word khrueng (ครึ่ง) is used for "half". It precedes the measure word if used alone, but it follows the measure word when used with another number. For example, kradat khrueng phaen (กระดาษครึ่งแผ่น) means "half sheet of paper", but kradat nueng phaen khrueng (กระดาษหนึ่งแผ่นครึ่ง) means "one and a half sheets of paper".

Negative numbers are formed by placing lop (ลบ, minus) in front of the number. For example, −11 is lop sip et (ลบสิบเอ็ด).

Ai (อ้าย) is used for "first born (son)" or for the first month, duean ai (เดือนอ้าย), of the Thai lunar calendar.

Ek (เอก) is from Pali ḗka, "one" Ek is used for one (quantity); first (rank), more prominent than tho โท second, in tone marks, education degrees and military ranks; and for the lead actor in a role. In antiquity, a seventh daughter was called luk ek (ลูกเอก), though a seventh son was luk chet (ลูกเจ็ด).

Et (เอ็ด, Cantonese: 一, jat1; Minnan: 一, it4), meaning "one", is used as last member in a compound number (see the main numbers section above).

Tho (โท) is from Pali dūā, "two". Tho is used for two and for the second level rank in tone marks, education degrees and military ranks.

Yi (ยี่, Cantonese: 二, ji6; Minnan: 二, ji7) is still used in several places in Thai language for the number two, apart from song (สอง): to construct twenty (two tens) and its combinations twenty one through twenty nine; to name the second month, duean yi (เดือนยี่), of the traditional Thai lunar calendar; and in the Thai northern dialect thin pha yap (ถิ่นพายัพ), in which it refers to the Year of the Tiger.

Tri (ตรี) and trai (ไตร) are from Sanskrit trāyaḥ, "three". These alternatives are used for three; third rank in tone marks, education degrees and military ranks; and as a prefix meaning three(fold).

Chattawa (จัตวา) is the Pali numeral four; used for the fourth tone mark and as a prefix meaning fourth in order or quadruple in number.

Lo (โหล) means a dozen or twelve. It is usually used for trade. It may also mean jar or bottle.

Yip (ยีบ or ยิบ) in colloquial Thai is an elision or contraction of yi sip (ยี่สิบ) at the beginning of numbers twenty one through twenty nine. Therefore, one may hear yip et (ยีบเอ็ด, ยิบเอ็ด), yip song (ยีบสอง, ยิบสอง), up to yip kao (ยีบเก้า, ยิบเก้า). Yip may have a long vowel (ยีบ) or be elided further into a short vowel (ยิบ).

Sao (ซาว) is twenty in the Thai northern dialect and in the Isan language. It is related to xao (ຊາວ), the word for twenty in the Lao language.

Kurut (กุรุส) means a dozen dozen or 144. It is usually used for trade. It is a loanword from gross.

Kot (โกฏิ) is ten million used in religious context. It comes from Pali/Sanskrit kōṭi. See also crore.

The alternate set of numerals used to name tonal marks (ไม้, mai), educational degrees (ปริญญา, parinya), and military rankings derive from names of Sanskrit numerals. NumberTonal MarkEducational DegreeMilitary Ranking in the Royal Thai ArmyThaiRTGSValueMarkThaiRTGSToneThaiRTGSDegreeThaiRTGSMeaningเอกekfirst ่ไม้เอกmai ekfirst toneปริญญาเอกparinya ekdoctor'sพลเอก phon ekGeneralพันเอก phan ekColonelร้อยเอกroi ekCaptainจ่าสิบเอกcha sip ekMaster Sgt. 1st Classสิบเอกsip ekSergeant (Sgt. )โทthosecond ้ไม้โทmai thosecond toneปริญญาโทparinya thomaster'sพลโทphon thoLieutenant Generalพันโทphan thoLieutenant Colonelร้อยโทroi thoLieutenantจ่าสิบโทcha sip thoMaster Sgt. 2nd Classสิบโทsip thoCorporalตรีtrithird ๊ไม้ตรีmai trithird toneปริญญาตรีparinya tribachelor'sพลตรีphon triMajor generalพันตรีphan triMajorร้อยตรีroi triSub Lieutenantจ่าสิบตรีcha sip triMaster Sgt. 3rd Classสิบตรีsip triLance Corporalจัตวา chattawafourth ๋ไม้จัตวา mai chattawafourth tone พลจัตวาphon chattawaBrigadier General (Honorary)