АҚШ Ұлттық Гендік Зерттеулер Институтының тарихы мен құрылымы

Institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland, US
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is an institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland. NHGRI began as the Office of Human Genome Research in The Office of the Director in 1988. This Office transitioned to the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR), in 1989 to carry out the role of the NIH in the International Human Genome Project (HGP). The HGP was developed in collaboration with the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and began in 1990 to sequence the human genome. In 1993, NCHGR expanded its role on the NIH campus by establishing the Division of Intramural Research (DIR) to apply genome technologies to the study of specific diseases. In 1996, the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) was also established (co funded by eight NIH institutes and centers) to study the genetic components of complex disorders. In 1997 the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) renamed NCHGR the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), officially elevating it to the status of research institute – one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the NIH. The institute announced the successful sequencing of the human genome in April 2003, but there were still gaps remaining until the release of T2T CHM13 by the Telomere to Telomere Consortium.

NHGRI is organized into seven divisions and the Office of the Director. Four of these divisions support extramural research (the grant giving side), one coordinates the intramural (on campus) research arm of the institute, one deals with administration, management, and budget, and one serves as the public facing side of the institute housing the communications, policy, and education teams.

October 1, 1988 – The Office for Human Genome Research is created within the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Also, NIH and the Department of Energy (DOE) sign a memorandum of understanding to "coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome." April 11, 1996 – Human DNA sequencing begins with pilot studies at six universities in the United States. March 1999 – Large scale sequencing of the human genome begins. April 2003 – The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) celebrates the completion of the human genome sequence, the 50th anniversary of the description of the DNA double helix and the publication of the vision document for the future of genomics research. May 4, 2007 – The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), have teamed with Group Health Cooperative in Seattle and Henry Ford Health System in Detroit to launch the Multiplex Initiative, a study to investigate the interest level of healthy, young adults in receiving genetic testing for eight common conditions. May 28, 2008 – Francis S. Collins steps down as director of the institute after serving for fifteen of the nineteen years of its operation. Alan Edward Guttmacher has been appointed acting director while a new permanent director is sought. November 17, 2009 – NIH Appoints Eric D. Green, M. D., Ph. D. to be director of The National Human Genome Research Institute. It is the first time an institute director has risen to lead the entire NIH and subsequently picked his own successor.

The NHGRI is publicly funded. In support of moving to a translational model, the NHGRI published their funding mechanisms for ELSI research. FY 2020 NIH funding was $650.6 million.