Бангладеш Банкі: Тарихы мен қазіргі жағдайы

Central bank of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of Bangladesh and is a member of the Asian Clearing Union. It is fully owned by the Government of Bangladesh. The bank is active in developing green banking and financial inclusion policy and is an important member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU), a department of Bangladesh Bank, is a member FIU of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units. Bangladesh Bank is the first central bank in the world to introduce a dedicated hotline (16236) for people to complain about any banking related problem. Moreover, the organisation is the first central bank in the world to issue a "Green Banking Policy". To acknowledge this contribution, then governor Dr. Atiur Rahman was given the title 'Green Governor' at the 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, which was held at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha.

On 7 April 1972, after the Bangladesh Liberation War and the eventual independence of Bangladesh, the Government of Bangladesh passed the Bangladesh Bank Order, (P. O. No. 127 of 1972), reorganising the Dhaka branch of the State Bank of Pakistan as Bangladesh Bank, the country's central bank and apex regulatory body for the country's monetary and financial system. The 1972 Mujib government pursued a pro socialist agenda. In 1972, the government decided to nationalise all banks to channel funds to the public sector and to prioritise credit to those sectors that sought to reconstruct the war torn country – mainly industry and agriculture. However, government control of the wrong sectors prevented these banks from functioning well. This was compounded by the fact that loans were handed out to the public sector without commercial considerations; banks had poor capital lease, provided poor customer service and lacked all market based monetary instruments. Because loans were given out without commercial considerations (and also took a long time to call a non performing loan), recovery under the erstwhile judicial system was so expensive that loan recovery was abysmally poor. While the government made a point of intervening everywhere, it did not set up a proper regulatory system to diagnose such problems and correct them. Hence, banking concepts like profitability and liquidity were alien to bank managers, and capital adequacy took a backseat. The Bank has 10 physical branches: Mymensingh, Motijheel, Sadarghat, Barisal, Khulna, Sylhet, Bogra, Rajshahi, Rangpur and Chittagong; each is headed by an executive director. Headquarters are located in the Bangladesh Bank Building in Motijheel, which has two general managers.

The executive staff is responsible for daily affairs and includes the governor and four deputy governors. Under the governors, there are executive directors and an economic advisor. The general managers of the departments come under the executive directors and are not part of the executive staff.

The board of directors consists of the bank's governor and eight other members. They are responsible for the policies undertaken by the bank.