Лаури Васка: Эстон-американдық металл-организм химиясының ғалымы

Estonian American chemist

Lauri Vaska (May 7, 1925 – November 15, 2015) was an Estonian American chemist who has made noteworthy contributions to organometallic chemistry. Vaska was born in Rakvere, Estonia. He was educated at the Baltic University in Hamburg, Germany (1946) and subsequently at the University of Göttingen (1946–1949), where he received his Vordiplom (equivalent to the American B. S. degree). He emigrated to the United States in 1952 and pursued his Ph. D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Texas (1952–1956).

Vaska published ca. eighty journal articles on the coordination chemistry of transition metals, homogeneous catalysis, and both organometallic and bioinorganic chemistry. His years at Mellon were especially productive. With J. W. Di Luzio in 1962 he first described the iridium compound which became known as Vaska's complex, trans IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2 Working with a series of coworkers, he demonstrated that this iridium(I) complex undergoes a variety of reactions with small molecules. For example, it oxidatively adds H2 to give a dihydride. He subsequently discovered that his complex reversibly bound O2, which was then a startling achievement. He discovered the main reactions of oxidative addition, a process that is central to homogeneous catalysis in organometallic chemistry. He demonstrated a number of important substituent effects on the oxidative addition, such as the greater reactivity of Ir(I) vs. Rh(I) and the stabilization of oxidative adducts by iodide vs. chloride.

Among his awards are the Boris Pregel Award for Research in Chemical Physics (New York Academy of Sciences) in 1971 and election in 1981 as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for "pioneering work in transition metal organometallic chemistry and synthetic oxygen carriers".