Марион Дёнхофф: Нацизмге қарсы күрескен неміс журналисі мен баспагері

German publisher (1909–2002)

Marion Hedda Ilse Gräfin von Dönhoff (2 December 1909 – 11 March 2002) was a German journalist and publisher who participated in the resistance against Nazism, along with Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, and Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg. After the war, she became one of Germany's leading journalists and intellectuals, working for over 55 years as an editor and later publisher of the Hamburg based weekly newspaper Die Zeit.

Dönhoff was born in East Prussia in 1909 into an old aristocratic House of Dönhoff at Friedrichstein Palace Kilian Heck / Christian Thielemann (eds. ): Friedrichstein. The castle of the Counts of Dönhoff in East Prussia Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2006 and 2019, ISBN 978 3 422 07361 6 (now in the Guryevsky District of the Russian oblast of Kaliningrad). She was the youngest daughter of Count August von Dönhoff, a diplomat and member of the Prussian House of Lords and the German Parliament and his wife, Maria von Lepel (1869–1940), daughter of Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Lepel (1829 1888) and Countess Helene von Schlippenbach (1835 1917). As a diplomat, he was located in Washington for some time, and became a close friend of Senator Carl Schurz. Dönhoff discusses in her memoirs her father's involvement in one of the last episodes of the Indian wars, the White River War.

Marion studied economics at Frankfurt, where National Socialist sympathizers were said to have called her the "red countess" for her defiance once they gained power in 1933. She left Germany soon after, moving to Basel, Switzerland, where she earned her doctorate. But she later returned to her family home at Quittainen in 1938, and joined the resistance movement, which led to questioning by the Gestapo after a failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944. Although many of her fellow resistance activists were executed, she was released reportedly because her name was not found in any of the documents seized by the Nazis. In January 1945, as Soviet troops rolled into the region, Dönhoff fled East Prussia, travelling seven weeks on horseback before reaching Hamburg. She recounted her journey in a 1962 book of essays called Names No One Mentions Anymore. The castle in which she grew up and which was destroyed by the Red Army in January 1945, is within the borders of what is now part of Russia (Kaliningrad oblast), yet she was one of the first public figures to endorse the finality of the border between Germany and Poland, which had been established after the Second World War. In 1946, Dönhoff joined the fledgling, Hamburg based intellectual weekly Die Zeit as political editor. In August 1954, she temporarily left the newspaper in protest against articles by Richard Tüngel, who had published, inter alia, a text of Nazi constitutional lawyer Carl Schmitt and went to London to work for The Observer. Soon afterwards, however, she returned to Hamburg, and was promoted to deputy editor in chief in 1955, then editor in chief in 1968, and publisher in 1972. She was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1990. She was involved in helping refugees settle in West Germany from East Germany and other parts of Europe. and Georgetown University.