Уэльстің Хирваун ауылының тарихы мен географиясы

Hirwaun ('/h//ɪər//w//aɪ//n/, /local/'/h//ɜːr//w//ɪ//n/; ) is a village and community at the north end of the Cynon Valley in the County Borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales. It is 4 mile (6 km) NW of the town of Aberdare, and comes under the Aberdare post town. At the 2001 census, Hirwaun had a population of 4,851. increasing at the 2011 census to 4,990. The village is on the Heads of the Valleys Road and at the southern edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park.

Hirwaun (also formerly spelled as Hirwain, Herwain and Hyrwen) derives from two common Welsh toponyms "hir" meaning long and "gwaun" (mutated to "waun") meaning moorland. Writing in 1887, Thomas Morgan stated that the correct name is Hirwaun Gwrgant, meaning Gwrgan's "Waun". This name comes from its association with Gwrgan ab Ithel (1033 1070), a king of Morgannwg who is said to have freely given a portion of the waun (named "Y Waun Hir") to his poor subjects and all other Welshmen for raising corn, and the breeding of sheep and cattle. Morgan further states that in olden times the waun extended from Blaengwrach (near Rhydgroes) to Mountain Ash, a length of nearly ten miles.

Hirwaun has an industrial background centred around the Hirwaun Ironworks. After the ironworks closed, coal mining continued, and was a major employer until the second half of the 20th century. The Crawshay family were powerful, almost all powerful in the production of steel, and the Hirwaun Ironworks had produced cannons used on HMS Victory. The family owned a large portion of Hirwaun and even used their own currency, the "Hirwaun Guinea", to pay employees, a form of truck system which stopped employees travelling to Cardiff or spending their money outside the controlled economy of the village. Following the miners' strike, the only deep coal mine left in Wales was the nearby Tower Colliery, which British Coal shut in 1994. The Colliery was then bought out by its workers, after which it reopened in 1995. It finally closed in 2008.

Anthony Bacon started iron production at Cyfarthfa in 1765. His business partner, Francis Homfray, ran the works during the Napoleonic Wars. The finished product was transported to the port of Cardiff by mules and pack horses. The works later passed through a succession of owners before being purchased in 1819 by William Crawshay of Cyfarthfa. Crawshay expanded the works, leading to a population influx into the locality. By 1830, nearly 900 men were employed at the Hirwaun works, and in the same year the first railway steam engine seen in the locality began to operate from the works.

There were a number of nonconformist chapels in Hirwaun village, most dating from its early days as an industrial settlement when large numbers of people arrived from rural Wales. The chapels included Ramoth (Baptist), Nebo (Congregationalist) and Soar (Wesleyan Methodist). During the 1904 05 Religious Revival, Evan Roberts, the main instigator of the movement, visited the village.

Unlike most South Wales Coalfield villages, Hirwaun has an array of different architectural housing styles, often cheek by jowl in small blocks. This is due to developments to satisfy different needs at different times, with much gentrification in the last few decades. So Hirwaun has a discontinuous, hotch potch feel to it that marks it out as unusual in the South Wales Valleys.

Hirwaun made local news in May 2004 when its two 1960s built tower blocks were demolished by dynamite detonation. Their demise marked the end of a major landmark in the Cynon Valley and was symptomatic of a broader failure in the design of British public housing.

Currently the patch of green land known as Hirwaun Common is being strip mined again. This was first done in the 1940s and 1950s.

The village was originally served by Hirwaun railway station on the Vale of Neath Railway, which arrived in 1851. At Gelli Tarw Junction east of the station, the mainline from Neath to Merthyr Tydfil met the Vale of Neath Railway branch to Aberdare and the Aberdare Railway. South of the station were the goods yard and sidings which served the various industries in the area, including Hirwaun Ironworks, Tower Colliery, two brickworks, and Penderyn quarry tramway. With the Beeching Axe in 1963, the lines south to Neath and north to Merthyr and the former Aberdare Railway were all closed. Hirwaun station was demolished. The line north to Aberdare on the Merthyr Line to Cardiff Central was only kept open for coal traffic to Tower Colliery, which moved its coal washery and loading facility onto the site of the former sidings near the Rhigos industrial estate. After the second closure of Tower in early 2008, in November 2009 the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) asked Network Rail to conduct a feasibility study on reopening the line to Hirwaun for passenger services. After clearing the line of vegetation, Network Rail submitted its report to WAG. Currently, no decision has been made as to whether the line from Hirwaun to Aberdare will reopen. The Robertstown crossing will be a deciding factor. However, the Welsh Government have added the extension of the line to the map of the South Wales Metro Light Rapid Transit System, which is planned to take over the line from Cardiff Bay to Aberdare and then to Hirwaun.

Hirwaun Recreational Ground, known locally as the Welfare Ground, is the main sporting facility in the village. The ground has one soccer field, one Rugby Union field, two tennis courts (hard surface) and a bowling green. The ground has its own dedicated floodlit training area.

Hirwaun RFC currently play rugby football in the Welsh Rugby Union League (SWALEC League) 3b South Central.

Hirwaun has Hirwaun FC (formerly Glancynon FC) playing association football in the Aberdare Valley Football League premier division.

The village has a squash team called Hirwaun Squash Federation, formed in 2012. Founded by local lads Greg Williams and Jamie Evans, they play from the local Aberdare Sports Centre and compete in the South Wales Squash Association leagues.