Имам Муса ас-Садр: Өмір және қызметі

Iranian born Lebanese imam (1928–1978)

Born in the Chaharmardan neighborhood in Qom, Iran, he underwent both seminary and secular studies in Iran. He belongs to the Sadr family from Jabal Amel in Lebanon, a branch of the Musawi family which traces its roots to Musa Ibn Jaafar, the seventh Shia Imam, and ultimately to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima. Therefore, Musa al Sadr is often styled with the honorific title Sayyid. He left Qom for Najaf to study theology and returned to Iran after the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état. Some years later, Sadr went to Tyre, Lebanon as the emissary of Ayatollahs Borujerdi and Hakim. From Tyre, he published the periodical, Maktabi Islam. Fouad Ajami called him a "towering figure in modern Shi'i political thought and praxis". He gave the Shia population of Lebanon "a sense of community". He attended Hayat Elementary School in Qom where he attended seminary classes informally; he started his official seminary education in 1941. His teachers considered him a "quick learner and remarkably knowledgeable for his young age". After a while he started teaching other students "lower level" courses. This coincided with the "liberalizing of Iranian politics", the political climate of his time was secular, so that most religious scholars "felt politically and socially marginalized". He began contributing with the third issue, focusing on Islamic economics, "a novel subject at the time". His articles in this field were then published as a book. He soon became the journal's "de facto editor in chief". He left the journal in December 1959 along with some of its original founders. He left Najaf for Tyre in late 1959,

Sadr, who became known as Imam Musa, quickly became one of the most prominent advocates for the Shia population of Lebanon, a group that was both economically and politically disadvantaged. "[Sadr] worked tirelessly to improve the lot of his community – to give them a voice, to protect them from the ravages of war and inter communal strife," said Vali Nasr. Sadr impressed the Lebanese people "by providing practical assistance," regardless of their sect. demanding that the Maronite Christians relinquish some of their power, but pursuing ecumenism and peaceful relations between the groups. In 1969, Imam Musa was appointed the first head of the Supreme Islamic Shia Council (SISC) in Lebanon, (المجلس الإسلامي الشيعي الأعلى) an entity meant to give the Shia more say in government. For the next four years, Sadr engaged the leadership of Syrian ‘Alawīs in an attempt to unify their political power with that of the Twelver Shia. Although controversial, recognition of the ‘Alawī as Shi'a coreligionists came in July 1973 when he and the ‘Alawī religious leadership successfully appointed an ‘Alawī as an official mufti to the Twelver community. He revived the Jami'at al Birr wal Ihsan charity, founded by S. Salih b. Muhammad Sharafeddin and gathered money for The Social Institute (al Mu'assasa al Ijtima'iyya), an orphanage in Tyre. In 1963, Sadr established a sewing school and nursery named The Girls' Home (Bayt al Fatat). The same year, he established The Institute of Islamic Studies (Ma'had al Dirasat al Islamiyya). In 1964, Sadr started Burj al Shimali Technical Institute, whose funding was provided by Shi'a benefactors, bank loans, and the Lebanese Ministry of Education. and Movement of the Disinherited and in cooperation with Mostafa Chamran Shia were the only major community without a militia group in the land of militias; Amal was created by Sadr to protect Shia rights and interests. However, in 1976, he withdrew his support after the Syrian invasion against Palestinian and leftist militias. He also actively cooperated with Mostafa Chamran, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, and other Iranian Islamist activists during the civil war. Sadr and Chamran had an important role in the Islamic Revolution of Iran. They were involved in protests against the Shah out of Iran. According to Amal deputy, Ali Kharis, "Musa Sadr and Chamran were the backbone of the Iranian revolution and how one can not speak of the Iranian revolution without mentioning these two people." In addition, Sadr was instrumental in developing ties between Hafez Assad, then Syrian president, and the opponents of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran. as well as Mohammad Khatami (his wife was a niece of Musa al Sadr), and Ayatollah Khomeini's son Ahmad Khomeini (his wife was another of Musa al Sadr's nieces). her paradigm being influenced by Søren Kierkegaard.'

On 25 August 1978, al Sadr and two companions, Sheikh Muhammad Yaacoub and journalist Abbas Badreddine (fr), departed for Libya to meet with government officials at the invitation of Muammar Gaddafi. The three were last seen on 31 August. However, supporters of the missing cleric pointed out that al Sadr's baggage was found in a Tripoli hotel and there was no evidence of his arrival in Rome. Lebanese Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri claimed that the Libyan regime, and particularly the Libyan leader, was responsible for the disappearance of Imam Musa al Sadr, as London based Asharq Al Awsat, a Saudi run pan Arab daily, reported on 27 August 2006. According to Iranian General Mansour Qadar, the head of Syrian security, Rifaat al Assad, told the Iranian ambassador to Syria that Gaddafi planned to kill al Sadr. Following the fall of the Gaddafi regime, Lebanon and Iran appealed to the Libyan rebels to investigate the fate of Musa al Sadr. Political analyst Roula Talj has said that Gaddafi's son, Saif al Islam Gaddafi, told her that al Sadr and his aides, Mohammed Yaqoub and Abbas Badreddin(fr), never left Libya. According to a representative of Libya's National Transitional Council in Cairo, Gaddafi murdered al Sadr after discussions about Shia beliefs. Sadr accused him of being unaware of Islamic teachings and of the Islamic branches of Shia and Sunni. According to other sources, Gaddafi had al Sadr and his companions murdered at the request of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. At the time, the Shias and the Palestinians were involved in armed clashes in Southern Lebanon. Other sources alleged Gaddafi eliminated Sadr at the request of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who regarded Sadr as a potential rival. According to a former member of the Libyan intelligence, al Sadr was beaten to death for daring to challenge Gaddafi at his house on matters of theology. In an interview with Al Aan TV, Ahmed Ramadan, an influential figure in the Gaddafi regime and an eyewitness to the meeting between al Sadr and Gaddafi, claimed that the meeting lasted for two and a half hours and ended with Gaddafi saying "take him". Ramadan also named three officials who he believes were responsible for the death of al Sadr. In 2011, Abdel Monem al Houni claimed that Sadr's body was sent to Sabha in Gaddafi's private jet and buried there. The plane was flown by Houni's cousin, Najieddine Yazigi, who was later murdered to preserve the secret. In 2021, Muqtada al Sadr, the cousin of Musa al Sadr and leader of the Sadrist Movement in Iraq, announced that a committee has been formed to investigate the fate of Musa al Sadr.

Imam Musa al Sadr is still regarded as an important political and spiritual leader by the Shia Lebanese community. His status only grew after his disappearance in August 1978, and today his legacy is revered by both Amal and Hezbollah followers. In the eyes of many, he became a martyr and a "vanished imam." A tribute to his continuing popularity is that it is popular in parts of Lebanon to mimic his Persian accent.

Al Sadr wrote a long introduction to Henry Corbin's History of Islamic Philosophy. Al Sadr's paper Islam, Humanity and Human Values was published by Ahlul Bayt World Assembly. Unity of the Islamic Schools of Thought According to Imam Musa Sadr includes a biography and an English adaptation of one of his books, Imam Musa Sadr: surush e wahdat, Majma’ Jahani ye Taqrib e Madhahib e Islami, 2004.