Дублиннің солтүстік-шығыс аймағы: Баллибоу тарихы

Northern inner city district of Dublin, Ireland

Ballybough is an inner city district of northeast Dublin city, Ireland. Adjacent areas include the North Strand and Clonliffe.

Ballybough is an inner city district of northeast Dublin. Neighbouring districts include Drumcondra to the north, Fairview to the east, North Strand to the southeast and Phibsborough to the west. Croke Park, the headquarters of the Gaelic Athletic Association, is a prominent local landmark in the area where Ballybough meets Drumcondra.

The local Roman Catholic church, Saint Agatha's, was built between 1878 and 1908.

(Irish: Droichead Lúcáis Uí Cheallaigh) The crossing of the River Tolka in Ballybough has been there for centuries. Ballybough Bridge was originally a wooden structure built in 1313 by John Le Decer, three times Provost, or Mayor of Dublin, and shortly after its construction was destroyed by floods. The bridge is mentioned in The Riding of the Franchises in 1488: "to Balliboght, and by the gate of Balliboght to the water of the Tulkan by the bridge of Balliboght, and over the water and so by the water southwards". The bridge can be seen on Thomas Phillip's map of 1685 as a six arched structure, and on Greenvile Collins map of 1686 as being "on the road to Baldoile". The assumption that the Battle of Clontarf was focused around Ballybough Bridge is based on the battle being sometimes referred to as the Battle of the Fishing Weir, which was located close to the present day bridge. In 1534 Silken Thomas rebelled after hearing that his uncle had been executed by King Henry VIII of England. During the rebellion an engagement took place "between the insurgents and the forces of the Crown at Ballybough Bridge resulting in a great slaughter of Englishmen there and in Clontarf". In 1937 the ancient bridge was replaced by a reinforced concrete structure which was renamed Luke Kelly Bridge in 1985, the year following the Dublin singer's death.

Annesley Bridge (Irish: Droichead Annesley or Droichead Ainsle) crosses the River Tolka near Ballybough. An act was passed in 1792 giving powers to city officials to borrow money to improve the neighbourhood of Ballybough Bridge. Its official title was 'An Act for enabling the Trustees for making, widening, and repairing the road from Dublin to Malahide, and the other Roads leading to Dublin over Ballybough Bridge pursuant to several Acts of Parliament, more effectually to carry the said Acts into Execution". As well as recommending that the land eastward of Ballybough Bridge, between the North Lotts and the Weir Wall on North Strand (now the area enclosed by Fairview Strand, Annesley Bridge Road and the Tolka), the Act allowed for the construction of a new road "nearly in a direct line from the Strand Road leading from His Majesty's Custom House". In order to make the new road between the city of Dublin and the north of the county it was stated in the Act that it was "necessary to build, erect, and make a new bridge and causeway, eastward of Ballybough Bridge aforesaid". This bridge is Annesley Bridge which was constructed 1793 1797. The causeway referred to is the short portion of the North Strand Road going from Annesley Place to the bridge and Annesley Bridge Road which leads into Fairview. During the reign of George III of England, several acts were passed regarding the control of this new thoroughfare. Trustees were appointed with powers to erect turnpikes and levy tolls for the maintenance of the road. Toll gates were constructed at the northern end of Annesley Bridge at the junction of what is now Annesley Bridge Road and Fairview Strand; more toll gates were on the north side of Ballybough Bridge; and a third set of toll gates stood at the junction of North Strand Road and the North Circular Road and the southern end of Ballybough. The toll was based on how far one had to travel and at least one penny. They proved unpopular but remained in place until the Turnpike Abolition Act of 1855.

(Irish: Droichead Newcomen) This bridge was built to carry the North Strand Road over the Royal Canal in 1790 1791 and is named after one of the directors of the Royal Canal Company, Sir William Newcomen. The bridge was lowered in the 1870s. There is a stone oval plaque above its central arch but the lettering is indecipherable. There is a canal lock and a lock keeper's cottage on the west side of the bridge. The cottage is currently occupied by The Adventure Project, a not for profit social enterprise delivering collaborative Adventure Therapy and Outdoor Education experiences to the local and wider community.

(Irish: Droichead an Chléirigh) This bridge was built in 1790 1791 to carry Ballybough Road over the Royal Canal. It was extended to the north to carry over the railway line. There is an oval name plaque on it reading 'Clarke's Bridge'. A bronze plaque on the west side reads 'Clarke's Bridge, Droichead an Chléirigh'.

(Irish: Droichead Dhomhnach na Fola) Originally called 'Clonliffe Bridge', this bridge linking Jones's Road to Russell street was renamed 'Bloody Sunday Bridge' in 2020 to commemorate the victims of Bloody Sunday 1920. City councillors Nial Ring and Cieran Perry proposed the name change.

Ballybough Cemetery was the first Jewish burial ground in Ireland and is located on Fairview Strand. The Jewish population of Dublin was concentrated in Annadale, north of the Tolka and in the vicinity of present day Philipsburgh Avenue. The graveyard in Ballybough was first used in 1718, when Captain Chichester Phillips of Drumcondra Castle signed a forty year lease with Alexander Felix, Jacob de Porto, David Mchado de Sequeira and Abraham Meirs. The cemetery remained the only Jewish graveyard in Dublin until 1900 when a Jewish burial site was opened at Dolphin's Barn. The last burial in Ballybough Cemetery took place in 1908.

Ballybough is mostly in the Parish of North William Street (also known as St Agatha's Parish) (Roman Catholic), with a small portion in the Parish of Fairview (which includes Ballybough Cemetery). The parish church is St Agatha's on William Street North. The nature of urban parishes, however, means that Catholic residents Ballybough attend mass and other services in adjoining parishes like the parishes of East Wall, Gardiner Street, Pro Cathedral, Seville Place, and Lourdes. The Church of Ireland Parish of Drumcondra and North Strand covers Ballybough and is bordered to the west by the Parish of St. George and St. Thomas. There are two churches in the parish: North Strand Church and Saint John the Baptist in Drumcondra.

The convent chapel in North William Street was used from its foundation as a Chapel of Ease for St Mary's Pro Cathedral. The Parish of St Agatha's was founded in 1865. Father Francis Doran was the first parish priest and began the process of building a new church for the parish. He drowned in a boating accident in 1877 and his work was continued by his successor Father Matthew Collier. A site a few yards from the convent was selected and building commenced but the project ran into financial difficulties and construction ceased. Father Collier died in 1892. His successor, Father John O'Malley, took on the project and borrowed money from the bank to continue the work. A parishioner willed the parish £8,000 which helped the financial situation. Father O'Malley became embroiled in a dispute over the location of the new church with the Archbishop of Dublin, a dispute which ended up in court. O'Malley lost and the site of the church remained unchanged. It wasn't until after O'Malley's death in 1904 that the church was completed under the fourth parish priest, Canon Michael Walsh. Statues of the Sacred Heart, St. Agatha, and St. Patrick stand on the pediment, the arches are decorated with paintings of the Agony in the Garden, the Supper at Emmaus, and the Annunciation. Harry Clarke made the windows in the baptistry. The church was consecrated by the Archbishop of Dublin William Walsh on 25 October 1908.

In 1878, the two branches of Irish Methodism united and formed the Methodist Church in Ireland. In the following years, a process of rationalisation occurred bringing together congregations whose work overlapped. The communities formerly serviced by the Oriel Street and Langrishe Place chapels decided to locate a new chapel on Jones's Road between Drumcondra and Ballybough on a parcel of ground that was acquired by Robert Worthington of Dame Street. The foundation stone was laid by visiting Bishop Matthew Simpson from America in 1881 and the church was opened in on 2 April 1882. An adjoining building was constructed to house a school. The number of Methodists who moved to the area fell short of expectations but the chapel was in use for over sixty years. The society was part of the Abbey Street Circuit. 15 Norman Terrace (now part of Jones's Road) opposite the chapel was acquired sometime between 1885 1888 and served as a manse, although this was later sold when the community dwindled and donations lessened. Services ceased in 1949 and the building was sold to the Castle Clothing Company for £6,120. John Healy, Adrian McNally, Liam Healy and Sham Rudden Abehim purchased the building in 2007 and partially demolished it in 2008. It lay in a semi demolished state for some years before being entirely demolished. The site is now bare.

Clonliffe College takes in about 35 acres of the area which was once part of the Grange of Clonliffe. The seminary was opened in 1859 for the training of priests until 2000. Mass was said regularly in the church on the grounds of the college into the twenty first century. In 2018, the Archdiocese of Dublin announced it would be selling the buildings and grounds to the GAA.

An unlicenced chapel formed part of the original schoolhouse on Spring Garden Street/North Strand and services were conducted there throughout the latter part of the eighteenth century. During the ministry of Rev. Michael Boote, an official church was built and served the Ballybough community for nearly fifty years. A building committee was appointed in 1833 and the site of the present church was secured on lease from March 1836. Rev C. H. Minchin, chaplain of the Rotunda Hospital, laid the foundation stone on 7 September 1836 and the church was opened in 1838. Rev Richard Hemphill was appointed chaplain in September 1840 and ministered for forty five years. The Parish of North Strand was constituted in 1890 and the church became the parish church. In 1896 the parish was united with the Parish of Drumcondra and became the Parish of Drumcondra and North Strand. The church was electrified in 1911, and an organ was bought with funds donated by Andrew Carnegie. Many men of the Parish of Drumcondra and North Strand enlisted in the British Army at the outbreak of the First World War and the fallen are commemorated on brass plates in the church. The church is nicknamed 'The Ivy Church' by locals.

The Church of the Visitation on Fairview Strand (Roman Catholic) was built in 1855 to accommodate the growing population of Ballybough and Fairview. The new parish of Fairview was established at the same time. St Joseph's on Portland Row was consecrated in 1865 and was in use until 1993.

The Irish Sisters of Charity opened a convent on North William Street in 1815. In 1857 another order, the Daughters of St Vincent de Paul (otherwise known as the Vincentian Sisters) took up residence in the convent and immediately set about establishing a Catholic school for the children of the area. A new orphanage was opened on North William Street in 1858 and household skills such as needlework were taught to girls there. In 1893 school for boys was established by another sister of the convent, which would later be attended by the playwright Brendan Behan and two Catholic bishops, Bishop Carroll and Bishop Kavanagh. The schools and convent on North William Street provided shelter to over 300 displaced families after the German Bombing of Dublin in 1941.

Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice, founder of the Christian Brothers established a school on North Richmond Street in 1831. The foundation stone was laid in 1828 by Daniel O'Connell, whose name the school later came to bear. Edmund Rice, two assistants, a schoolmaster, and four novice Christian Brothers moved into the school in July 1831 and over 500 pupils enrolled in the first year. The school is still open today.

Gregor von Feinaigle, a former Cistercian and educationalist, moved to Dublin in 1813. He gave public experiments of his new system of mneomonics in the city to aid charitable organisations, and delivered a series of lectures for the Royal Dublin Society. He also gave private lessons to children. He became something of a celebrity in Dublin and several people who had heard him speak raised money to establish an educational institution in which his methods would be used to teach. The Committee acquired "two contiguous and most eligible houses" on Clonliffe Road for the Feinaiglian Institute. The first 30 boarders paid 60 guineas per annum and the first thirty day scholars paid 15 guineas per annum. The two houses on Clonliffe soon became inadequate for the accommodation of the large number of students who enrolled. Feinaigle advanced the sum of £4,500 towards the purchase of Aldborough House on Portland Row, at the very edge of Ballybough and North Strand. A further £15,000 was paid to refurbish the building and convert it into an institute of education. The Feinaiglian Institute became one of the premier secondary schools in Ireland, but closed less than ten years after Feinaigle's death in 1819.

A small thatched school built of mud, limestone, and stone was built in the grounds of Clonliffe College in 1842, described in an application for support to the Commissioners of Education in the same years as "being quite distinct from and otherwise unconnected with the college". 168 boys, between five and fourteen years old, were registered with the one roomed school in its opening year, though the weekly attendance was around 100. A tuition fee of one penny per week was charged and children of all denominations were welcomed. The school lasted for about 40 years.

The Second Report of the Commissioners of Irish Education Inquiry (1826) records several other schools in Ballybough. A Mary Westman ran a school on North William Street, and a Henry Callaghan had a school on Spring Garden Street. There was another school at 2 North Strand run by an Anne Williams, and two other schools were located at Aldborough Court run by a Mr. Corrigan and a Terence Colgan respectively. A couple, Mr. and Mrs. Kirschoffer, ran a fee paying school at 4 5 Russell Place and a Madame Picorgny had a school in a private house on Russell Street. An Arabella Kelly also ran a school from a private house. The census returns for the 1911 census showed a literacy rate of 95% for Ballybough.

Some of the above mentioned schools are still in existence, such as O'Connell's and St Columba's, and others have long since closed down. The children of Ballybough are still educated locally in those remaining schools, while some travel to schools in neighbouring areas like Fairview, East Wall, Marino, and Drumcondra, and others still go further afield.

Various sporting clubs and associations have existed in Ballybough. The most significant sporting association with a presence in the area is the GAA which is headquartered there at Croke Park. The site of Croke Park was once the City and Suburban Sports Ground, also known as the Jones's Road Sports Ground. Ordnance Survey evidence suggests that the site was once an orchard, prior to the building of the railroad there is a road off Clonliffe Road called Orchard Road. Ballybough, and surrounding areas, play host to thousands of fans on match days.

A boxing club called Orchard Boxing Club was set up in Ballybough in 1966 by Paddy Larkin, father of international competitive boxer Paul Larkin. The club was revitalised in 2020 and work was done to restore the clubhouse on Orchard Road.

A brief summary of some roads and streets in Ballybough and the origin of their names. + Caption text English name (alternative) Irish name (alternative) Information Addison Road Bóthar Addison (Bóthar Mhic Ádhaimh Named after Lord Addison. Aldborough Place Irish name to be confirmed (Plás Aldborough) Named due to its proximity to Aldborough House. Annesley Avenue, Annesley Bridge Road, Annesley Place Ascaill Annesley, Bóthar Dhroichead Annesley, Plás Annesley ("" Ainsle) Named after Richard Annesley, one of the first directors of the Royal Canal Company. Ardilaun Road, Ardilaun Square Bóthar Ardoileáin, Cearnóg Ardoileáin Named after Lord Ardilaun, Sir Arthur Guinness. He received the title baron in 1880. Ardilaun is the name of an island in Lough Corrib, near his residence in Galway. Austins Cottages Irish name to be confirmed (Iostáin Aibhistín Named during the 1950s and formerly part of 'Taaffe's Village'. Ballybough Avenue, Ballybough Court, Ballybough Lane, Ballybough Road Ascaill an Bhaile Bhoicht, Cúirt an Bhaile Bhoicht, Lána an Bhaile Bhoicht, Bóthar an Bhaile Bhoicht All named for the area, meaning 'the Poor Town' in Irish. The first six houses built in 1815 on what became Ballybough Road were known as Edward Terrace, named after Edward, Duke of Kent, the son of George III of England. The houses no longer stand. Bayview Avenue Ascaill Radharc an Chuain Dublin Bay was visible from here until the middle of the nineteenth century. Brendan Behan Court Cúirt Bhreandáin Uí Bheacháin Named for the playwright Brendan Behan who was from the area. Cadogan Road Bóthar Cadogan (Bóthar Ceadagáin) Named after the Earl of Cadogan, who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1895 1902. Charlemont Parade Irish name to be confirmed (Paráid Charlemont) Named after James Caulfield, the Earl of Charlemont. He was Commander in Chief of the Volunteers in the 1780s. He built the Casino in Marino and what is now known as the Hugh Lane Gallery on Parnell Square. Charleville Avenue, Charleville Mall Ascaill Charleville, Irish name to be confirmed (Ascaill Ráth Lúirc, Meal Charleville/Ráth Lúirc) Lord Monck owned land in the area. His home in Bray was called Charleville. The Irish version 'Ráth Lúirc' comes from the incorrect assumption that it was named for Charleville in Cork. Clinchs Court (Clinches Court) Cúirt an Chlinsigh Named after the highwayman Larry Clinch. He frequently robbed Ulster Mail coaches in Ballybough and was killed by the Tipperary Militia while in the process of plundering Clonliffe House. His body was buried at the Suicide Plot at the end of Clonliffe Road. Dunne Street Sráid Uí Dhoinn Built in 1840. Fairview Passage (Egg Lane), Fairview Strand Pasáiste an Bhaile Bhoicht (Lána na nUbh), Trá an Bhaile Bhoicht Ballybough Cemetery is located here, Fairview Passage is also called Egg Lane after the egg shop on it. Foster Place North Plás Foster Thuaidh Named after the last Speaker of the House of Commons, John Foster. Jones's Road Bóthar Mhic Sheoin Named after Frederick E. 'Buck' Jones (1959 1834), who lived in the area in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He built this road to enable him to visit the city without having to use the dangerous Ballybough Road. Kings' Avenue (King's/Kings Avenue) Sráid na Ríthe Named after the MacDonnell family who fled to Ballybough during the Ulster Plantations in the early seventeenth century and 'ruled' as 'monarchs' of the area. Sometimes mistakenly spelt King's. Mounjoy Parade Paráid Mhuinseo Named after Luke Gardiner (1745 1798), Baron and Viscount Mountjoy. Newcomen Avenue, Newcomen Court Ascaill Newcomen, Cúirt Newcomen ("" Niúcaman) Named after Sir William Newcomen, one of the directors of the Royal Canal Company. North Circular Road An Cuarbhóthar Thuaidh Former northern limit of the city and southern limit of Ballybough. North Great Clarence Street Sráid Clarence Mhór Thuaidh Named after the Duke of Clarence, who later became King William IV of England. North Richmond Street, Richmond Cottages, Richmond Crescent, Richmond Lane, Richmond Parade Irish names to be confirmed (Sráid Risteamainn Thuaidh, Iostáin Risteamainn, Corrán Risteamainn, Lána Risteamainn, Paráid Risteamainn) Possibly named after Charles Lennox, the 4th Duke of Richmond, or named after the nearby townland of Richmond which long predates the Duke. North Strand Road Bóthar na Trá Thuaidh In de Gomme's map of 1673, this is shown as a trackway and "the road to Hoath". Prior to 1792, the Wide Street Commissioners began to use the name North Strand Road. North William Street Sráid Liam Thuaidh Named after William, the Duke of Clarence, who later became King William IV of England. Nottingham Street Sráid Nottingham Built in 1798 and named after Nottingham House, also known as The Red House, which stood here. O'Sullivan Avenue Ascaill Uí Shúilleabháin Possibly named after Timothy Daniel Sullivan, Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1886 1887. Poplar Row Rae na bPoibleog It is assumed poplar trees used to grow here. Built in 1823 to connect Clonliffe Road with East Wall Road. Portland Row Rae Portland (Rae Phortlainne) Named after the 3rd Duke of Portland. Russell Street Sráid an Ruiséalaigh Possibly named after John Russell the 4th Duke of Bedford or his grandson John Russell the 6th Duke of Bedford. Both men were Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (the 4th Duke from 1757 1761, and the 6th Duke from 1806 1807. Another possible namesake is another unrelated John Russell, who was responsible for much construction in the area. Sackville Avenue, Sackville Gardens Ascaill Sackville, Gairdíní Sackville ("" Saicbhil Named after Rev. Sackville Usher Lee, a clergyman who lived in Exeter in England but owned property in Ballybough. Spring Garden Street Sráid Ghairdíní an Earraigh Named after an old public tea garden, a place of recreation where people would gather to socialise. Taaffe's Place Plás an Táthaigh Named after a family who came to Ireland with Strongbow and were landowners in Clontarf. They later handed their lands to the Knights Templar. Summerhill Parade Paráid Summer (Paráid Chríonáin) This used to be known as Farmer's Hill. Tom Clarke House Teach Thomáis Uí Chléirigh Named after the Fenian Tom Clarke, who lived nearby while the Easter Rising was being planned in 1916. Waterloo Avenue Ascaill Waterloo (Ascaill Uatarlú) Named after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 Wellesley Place Plás Wellesley Named after Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington who was victorious at the Battle of Waterloo.

Brendan Behan lived on Russell Street, of which Brendan Behan Court is now located. Curtis Fleming, from Tolka Road, played International football for Ireland. Luke Kelly of The Dubliners folk group, lived in the area. Paddy Moore, from Clonliffe Avenue, played International football for Ireland. John O'Donovan, place names expert and Irish language scholar, who translated the Annals of the Four Masters lived in the area. Edmund Rice and Matt Talbot resided for periods of time in Ballybough, and Talbot was a student at O'Connell Schools on Richmond Street. Jim Sheridan director of My Left Foot and The Field. Edward Smyth, the stone mason whose work can be seen on the Custom House, the Four Courts, the Bank of Ireland, and the Chapel Royal in Dublin Castle, lived in Ballybough.