Свен Оскар Линдквист: швед жазушысының өмірі мен шығармалары

Swedish author (1932–2019)
the author

Sven Oskar Lindqvist (28 March 1932 – 14 May 2019) was a prolific Swedish author whose 35 books range from essays, aphorisms, autobiography, and documentary prose to travel and reportage. He was educated at Stockholm University, and spent a year as a cultural attaché in Beijing, but spent most of his life as a writer, known for his persistence and independence. In the 1970s he established the public history movement Dig Where You Stand. From the late 1980s he focused on European imperialism, colonialism, racism, genocide, environmental degradation, and war. Among his best known and most widely admired works are his 1996 discussion of racism, Exterminate All the Brutes, based on a phrase in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, and his 2001 A History of Bombing, an intentionally fractured narrative written in 399 short chapters. The newspaper Svenska Dagbladet described Lindqvist as one of the most important authors in modern Swedish literature. He was awarded a PhD in the history of literature by Stockholm University—his thesis, in 1966, was on the Swedish poet Vilhelm Ekelund—and an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University.

Lindqvist wrote some 35 books of essays, aphorisms, autobiography, documentary prose, travel and reportage. His works have been translated into English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish among other languages. He also occasionally published articles in the Swedish press, and wrote for the cultural supplement of the largest Swedish daily, Dagens Nyheter, since 1950. Lindqvist's books Exterminate all the Brutes and A Lover's Diary were included in Jan Gradvall's 2009 Tusen svenska klassiker ("A Thousand Swedish Classics"). Lindqvist's work was mostly non fiction, including (and often transcending) several genres: essay, documentary prose, travel writing and reportage. In the 1970s he established the Dig Where You Stand movement in Sweden, which was influential in Germany and elsewhere in promoting public history from the workers' perspective. His later works, from the late 1980s, tended to focus on the subjects of European imperialism, colonialism, racism, genocide, degradation of the natural environment, and war, analysing the place of these phenomena in Western thought, social history and ideology. When he was given the 2012 Lenin Award, he was praised for having "explored life and the world" for over 50 years "in a uniquely persistent and indomitably independent way based on a solid foundation of seriousness and knowledge, and with constantly renewed curiosity. He has dug where he has been standing in Swedish class injustices and uncovered the horrendous evil of colonialism deeper, broader and with more originality than any other Swedish writer."

Among Lindqvist's best known works is his 2007 book Terra Nullius (Latin for "Empty Land"), about the impact of white settlers on the Australian landscape and its aboriginal population, combined with "often glorious" travel writing. Among the shocks to people and landscape are the above ground nuclear weapon tests conducted in Australia from 1953 to 1963, leaving some 20 kilograms of plutonium dust spread over hundreds of miles of the land near Maralinga. Lindqvist remarks that the land will remain radioactive for at least 280,000 years, and notes that the weapons thus tested could "on a single order" turn the whole world into a Terra Nullius.

Lindqvist's favourite among his books was his 1996 Exterminate all the Brutes, first published in Swedish in 1992 as Its title is taken from a phrase uttered by the murderous racist imperialist Mr Kurtz in Joseph Conrad's 1899 novella Heart of Darkness. As a boy, Lindqvist had seen a photograph of the emaciated corpses at Buchenwald concentration camp. He stated that the image of Nazi atrocity and the novella came together in his mind, and in Exterminate all the Brutes he argues that Hitler grew up in a time when the whole of the Western world was "soaked in the conviction" that imperialism was a biological necessity that inevitably destroyed "the lower races". Lindqvist argued controversially