Кеңес және Ресейлік теңіздік жақын қашықтықтағы қорғаныс жүйесі АҚ-630

Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close in weapon system

The AK 630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval, rotary cannon, close in weapon system. The "630" designation refers to the weapon's six gun barrels and their 30 mm caliber. The system is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR 123 fire control radar and television detection and tracking. The weapon's primary purpose is defense against aircraft and helicopters. As one of the tried and true CIWS systems available, effectiveness against anti ship missiles has been demonstrated over the years in exercises, making it the staple anti air weapon of most Soviet naval vessels. The AK 630 can also be employed against ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. Once operational, the system was rapidly adopted and installed in every new Soviet warship (from mine hunters to aircraft carriers) with up to eight units on larger vessels; hundreds have been produced in total.

The complete weapon system is called A 213 Vympel A, which comprises the AK 630M Gun Mount, MR 123 02 Fire Control Radar System, and SP 521 Electrical Optical Tracker. A single MR 123 radar system can simultaneously control two guns, either two 30 mm gun mounts, or two 57 mm gun mounts, or one 30 mm gun and one 57 mm gun. The radar system can engage aerial and surface targets at respectively. The electro optical system can detect a MiG 21–sized aerial target away, while torpedo boat–sized surface targets can be detected at a range of up to Features include surveillance and tracking modes, high jamming immunity, laser range finder and TV optical sight. It is in operation on almost all Russian navy ships from fast attack boats to the
The gun mount is fully automated, and can also be remotely controlled by an operator from either the control console or via a remotely mounted gunsight. It has a higher firing rate than both the Goalkeeper and Phalanx (Block 1 and older) CIWS models. They are often mounted in pairs, with as many as four pairs mounted on the larger ships, providing an effective point defence (last) layer. However, like all gun based CIWS, they suffer from short engagement times and the need for multiple volleys to effectively eradicate a threat.

The AK 630 CIWS has several versions and sometimes the Kashtan CIWS's sub systems and its derivatives are also included.

The design of the AK 630 CIWS was initiated in 1963, with the first operational prototype completed in 1964. Trials of the complete system, including radar and controls went on until 1976 when the system was accepted for service.

During the deployment of the system, numerous problems that did not appear in trials were exposed in its application, and some modification of the original AK 630 was made to correct these problems, and in 1979, the new system was named as AK 630M and was accepted into service.

A derivative of AK 630M was developed for light craft and this system was named as AK 306. Externally, the air cooled AK 306 can be distinguished from the AK 630 by the absence of the water cooling system (a cylindrical jacket that surrounds the barrel cluster of the AK 630). Internally, the AK 306 (A 219) used electricity to power the automatics, instead of using the exhaust. This version also lacked radar control, being only optically guided, hence making it less of an anti missile weapon and more of a surface to surface weapon, and the designation of the overall system is consequently changed from A 213 Vympel A to A 219. The design started in 1974 and the system was accepted into service in 1980. When production was completed in 1986, 125 systems were in service.

In 1983, a decision was made to update the design and modify the AK 630 system to include a second gun mounted above the first, which provides 10,000 rpm in total. The AK 630M1 2 "Roy" was roughly the same size and weight allowing installation in existing AK 630 mounts. Though the system proved to be successful, the AK 630M1 2 Roy was not accepted for production due to the maturity of a combined missile and gun system, then designated the 3M87 Kortik, but later called Kashtan. The single example of AK 630M1 2 Roy remains installed on the Project 206.6 class missile boat # P 44.

In July 2007 at IMDS 2007, a modernized version of the AK 630M1 2 called AK 630M2 with two AO 18KD rotary cannons was showcased by OAO AK Tulamashzavod under the new name "Duet". Visually "Duet" differs from "Roy" in having a new mount with a stealthy low RCS design compared with the more traditional rounded AK 630 mounts. In 2012 it was announced that the new Ivan Gren class landing ship would be armed with the modified AK 630M2 system. It is also used by the Buyan M class missile corvette.

H/PJ 13 is the Chinese upgraded version of AK 630M. The most obvious visual difference between AK 630 and its Chinese cousin H/PJ 13 is that the latter has a stealth turret. Instead of MP 123 02 fire control radar originally used on AK 630M, a modified version of Type 347 radar is used.

+ Comparison of some modern CIWS AK 630 AK 630M1 2 Goalkeeper CIWS DARDO Weight 6,200 kg (13,700 lb, incl. in built radars) Armament 6 barrel GSh 6 30 rotary cannon 2 × 6 barrel GSh 6 30 rotary cannon 6 barrel M61 Vulcan rotary cannon 7 barrel GAU 8 rotary cannon 2 barrel Bofors 40 mm Rate of Fire 5,000 rounds per minute 10,000 rounds per minute 4,500 rounds per minute 4,200 rounds per minute600/900 rounds per minute (optionally: proximity fuse rounds) (effective/ flat trajectory) Range Ammunition storage 2,000 rounds 4,000 rounds 1,550 rounds 1,190 rounds 736 rounds Muzzle velocity per second per second per second per second per second Elevation −12 to +88 degrees −25 to +90 degrees −25 to +85 degrees −25 to +85 degrees −13 to +85 degrees Traverse ±180 degrees ±180 degrees ±150 degrees 360 degrees 360 degrees