Фадей Булгарин: Ресейлік жазушы, журналист және баспагер

Russian writer, journalist and publisher

Thaddeus Bulgarin (Фаддей Венедиктович Булгарин; 5 July 1789 [O. S. 24 June 1789] – 13 September 1859 [O. S. 1 September 1859]), born Jan Tadeusz Krzysztof Bułharyn, was a Russian writer, journalist and publisher of Polish ancestry. In addition to his newspaper work, he rejuvenated the Russian novel, and published the first theatrical almanac in Russian. During his life, his novels were translated and published in English, French, German, Swedish, Polish, and Czech. He served as a soldier under Napoleon, and in later life as an agent of the Czar's secret police. As a writer his self imposed mission was to popularize the authoritarian policies of Alexander I and Nicholas I.

Bulgarin was born in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to a noble family in Perewsze, Minsk Voivodeship (now in Belarus), as a son of Benedykt and Aniela née Buczyńska. He came from a noble family with Lithuanian Tatar roots of the Bułat coat of arms. He followed these with two sententious novels Dmitry the Pretender (1830), about the False Dmitry I, and Mazepa (1834) about Ivan Mazepa. In 1837 he published under his own name a lengthy description of Imperial Russia, although much of the work was actually by Nikolai Alexeyevich Ivanov, then a Ph. D. student at Dorpat University. Some of Bulgarin's stories are science fiction: Probable Tall Tales is a far future story about the 29th century; Improbable Tall Tales is a fantastic voyage into hollow Earth; The Adventures of Mitrofanushka on the Moon is a satire. After Nicholas I's death, Bulgarin retired from the department of stud farms, in which he had been serving for many years, and withdrew to his manor in Karlova (Karlowa in German) a suburb of Tartu at the time, but now incorporated within the city.