Антарктидадағы Брансфилд бұғазы

Strait in Antarctica

Bransfield Strait or Fleet Sea (lang es) is a body of water about wide extending for 300 mile (483 km) in a general northeast – southwest direction between the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula.

The strait was named in about 1825 by James Weddell, Master, Royal Navy, for Edward Bransfield, Master, RN, who charted the South Shetland Islands in 1820. It is called Mar de la Flota by Argentina. On 23 November 2007, the MS Explorer struck an iceberg and sank in the strait; all 154 passengers were rescued and no injuries were reported.

The undersea trough through the strait is known as Bransfield Trough The basin is about 400 km long and 2 km deep, between the South Shetland Island Arc and the Antarctic Peninsula. It was formed by rifting behind the islands, which began about 4 million years ago. Ongoing rifting has caused recent earthquakes and volcanism. The Strait hosts a chain of submerged seamounts of volcanic origin, including the presently inactive Orca Seamount. However last volcanic activity at Orca Seamount is judged to have occurred in the recent past as there are temperature anomalies in the seawater around the seamount. Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms have been found at the seamount. The Zélée Rocks are a group of rocks, some of which are above water and others near the surface, lying in Bransfield Strait north of Prime Head, the north tip of Antarctic Peninsula. They were discovered by the French expedition of 1837–40, under Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville, and named by him after one of the expedition's ships, the corvette Zélée.

An area of relatively shallow marine waters of about 1021 km2, off the western and southern coasts of Low Island, has been designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 152) because it is one of only two known sites near the United States’s Palmer Station suitable for bottom trawling for fish and other benthic organisms. Fish have been collected from the site by scientists from Palmer Station since the early 1970s, and it is recognised as an important spawning ground for several species, including Black Rockcod and Blackfin Icefish.