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Substance which explodes when exposed to small amounts of energy

A contact explosive is a chemical substance that explodes violently when it is exposed to a relatively small amount of energy (e. g. friction, pressure, sound, light). Though different contact explosives have varying amounts of energy sensitivity, they are all much more sensitive relative to other kinds of explosives. Contact explosives are a part of a group of explosives called primary explosives, which are also very sensitive to stimuli but not to the degree of contact explosives. The extreme sensitivity of contact explosives is due to either chemical composition, bond type, or structure.

Explosives that are nitrogen based are incredibly volatile due to the stability of nitrogen in its diatomic state, N2. Most organic explosives are explosive because they contain nitrogen. They are defined as nitro compounds. Nitro compounds are explosive because although the diatomic form of nitrogen is very stable that is, the triple bond that holds N2 together is very strong, and therefore has a great deal of bond energy the nitro compounds themselves are unstable, as the bonds between nitrogen atoms and other atoms in nitro compounds are weak by comparison. Therefore, little energy is required to overcome these weak bonds, but a great deal of energy is released in the exothermic process in which the strong triple bonds in N2 are formed. The rapidity of the reaction, due to the weakness of the bonds in nitro compounds, and the high quantity of overall energy released, due to the much higher strength of the triple bonds, produce the explosive qualities of these compounds.

Some contact explosives contain an oxidizer and a fuel in their composition. Stun grenades, flash bangs, and flares all use flash powder to create bright, flashing lights and loud noise that disorients the enemy. On the other hand, many of these cheap, volatile contact explosives are also used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) created by terrorists and suicide bombers. For example, acetone peroxide passes through explosive detectors and is incredibly powerful, unstable, and deadly. Evidence for the instability of these IEDs lies in the multiple reports of premature or wrongful IED explosions. However, when these explosives are used correctly, they have devastating consequences. The July 7, 2005, London bombings, the 2015 Paris attacks, and the 2016 Brussels bombings all used explosives that contained acetone peroxide.

Angina pectoris, a symptom of Ischaemic heart disease, is treated with nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is known as a vasodilator. Vasodilators work by relaxing the heart's blood vessels so the heart does not need to work as hard. Picric acid specifically has been used for burn treatment and as an Antiseptic.

The same flash powder used for military tactical pyrotechnics can also be used for several theatrical special effects. They are used to produce loud, bright flashes of light for effect. Though some flash powders are too volatile and dangerous to be safely used, there are milder compounds that are still incorporated into performances today. Silver Fulminate is used to make noise makers, small contact poppers, and several other novelty fireworks. It is most widely used in bang snaps. In these small explosives, a minuscule amount of silver fulminate is encased in gravel and cigarette paper. Even with this small amount of silver fulminate, it produces a loud, sharp bang.