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Disease of livestock caused by lungworms

Parasitic bronchitis, also known as hoose, husk, or verminous bronchitis, is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats, and swine caused by the presence of various species of parasite, commonly known as lungworms, in the bronchial tubes or in the lungs. It is marked by cough, dyspnea, anorexia and constipation. Lungworms which cause parasitic bronchitis include nematodes of the genera Dictyocaulus, Metastrongylus, and Protostrongylus. Hoose is essentially an infantile disease, almost always afflicting animals under one year of age. It can be diagnosed through fecal examination In the infected animal's fecal matter the larvae later become infective. As the larvae travel towards the respiratory system, they mature, and by the time they reach the lungs, they are full adults.

The main symptoms include breathing difficulties and coughing. The respiratory rate will increase and the animal will cough frequently. There can be audible abnormal breathing sounds. One of which is through fecal examination. The sample is then examined for traces of eggs or larvae. This method is more sensitive than a fecal sample. Taking blood or milk samples could also prove the presence of the parasite. By using ELISA tests, any antibodies toward the parasite will be detected.

In order to treat the parasite, all forms of anthelmintics are effective in killing both the developing larvae and adult D. viviparus. As soon as an animal is showing symptoms, they should be treated. If they aren't treated before it becomes severe then the animal may not respond to the medicine or if there are very high numbers of parasites then killing them could result in the airways being blocked by the dead larvae. In severe cases, some will require an additional antibiotic.

The most effective method to prevent an outbreak is through vaccination. The vaccination includes a small dose of irradiated infectious larvae. This is given orally in two doses four weeks apart. It is important to treat all animals such as cattle. Despite it being effective, small amounts of lungworm can still appear. Some other methods of prevention are avoiding wet pastures, rotating the use of grazing pastures, having a closed herd policy, and preventing any outside exposure.