Studebaker Champ: Американдық жүк көлігінің тарихы

The Studebaker Champ is a light duty pickup truck produced by the Studebaker Corporation from 1960 1964, the last such vehicles designed by the company before leaving the automobile manufacturing business in 1966. Designed at a time when Studebaker's truck line had not seen major upgrading in over 10 years, Studebaker engineers were forced to use a number of existing components to fit within the $900,000 budget given them by the company's Board of Directors, but the end result was astonishingly fresh and competitive in price, capability and performance with other American built trucks of the era. The Champ, unlike most American pickups of the 1960s, was never offered with power steering, although such a system was offered on Studebaker's heavier duty Studebaker Transtar and Diesels. The final "8E" (1963–64) models had an improved steering system that reduced friction and, thus, steering effort, but not to the degree that power steering would have. Of course, power steering was not yet commonplace in light trucks during the early 1960s, so Studebaker was not necessarily at a competitive disadvantage by not offering the option. From 1960 through 1964, Studebaker offered a sliding back window in the Champ pickup. This utilized the same opening as the single pane rear window, but used a double sliding channel and two panes of glass. One window could be opened until it was flush with the other. This helped with ventilation and access to the front of the cargo bed without leaving the cab of the truck.

The chassis of the Champ was basically the same as what had been used for Studebaker's ½ and ¾ ton E series trucks since 1949, a typical ladder frame with solid axles both front and rear. Despite its age, the Champ's chassis components were no more or less modern than those found in GM, Ford, Chrysler or International Harvester trucks, all of which also still used solid axle suspensions. Atop this carryover frame, the cab section was very different. While an entirely new cab was out of the question because of cost considerations, the new Lark compact car's body proved to be just the right size and shape to suit the purpose. The engineering staff took a Lark four door sedan, cut it in half behind the front doors and modified the front half slightly to fit the mounting points on the truck chassis. The only new sheetmetal stamping that was required was the back wall of the new cab. Funds were allocated to give the Champ a new horizontal bar grille that delivered a "tougher" look than the Lark's mesh.

For the first two model years (1960 61), Champs would also carry over the 1949 vintage cargo box, which had been widened slightly for 1956. The wide cargo box, introduced in early calendar 1961, was from the Dodge C Series, and was made available after a deal between Studebaker and Dodge. Both cargo boxes were available in short (112" wheelbase) and long (122" wheelbase) versions. The original, narrow box, codenamed "P1" by Studebaker, went out of production in late 1961. The wide "P2" box was the only option available thereafter.

Studebaker equipped the Champ with engines that had served well in the company's lineup for years. Buyers in 1960 could choose the last of the company's flathead sixes, either the Lark's 170 cuin or the time honored 245 cuin "Big Six" which dated to the early 1930s. The 170 engine was upgraded to overhead valves (OHV) for 1961, gaining in the process (up to ), enough of an improvement that Studebaker saw fit to finally discontinue the Big Six. The new OHV six was a novel design, retaining as many existing components as possible while modernizing an engine that had been introduced in 1939. Unfortunately, the little engine's quality came into question early on, with a number of engines developing cracks in the cylinder head. The problem, which occurred most often in engines that had improperly adjusted valves, was never completely solved, but with proper care, the 170 remains a serviceable engine for many owners more than 60 years after it went out of production. From the start of production, those desiring V8 power could choose between Studebaker's 259 and 289 cuin engines with either a two or four barrel carburetor. It was truly one of Studebaker's better ideas, and caught on later among the major truck makers. With a cab based on a sedan body, the Champ was among the first pickups to offer true "car like" comfort, with a wide, comfortable bench seat and a handsomely styled interior. Other manufacturers took until the late 1960s and early 1970s to follow the Champ's lead. Finally, the last Champs of 1963 64 were among the first American trucks — if not the first — to offer service bodies constructed of fiberglass. Today, such bodies made of fiberglass and composites are still gaining acceptance, with the steel service body remaining the norm. While it didn't prove to be the savior of the Studebaker truck line, the Champ also pointed the way to a smaller yet still rugged pickup, something Dodge later claimed as a "first" with their mid sized Dakota, which was introduced as a 1987 model, nearly 27 years after the Champ.

Today, the Champs that still exist are highly prized for their interesting combination of passenger car comfort and style and their rugged mechanical durability (the sixes' head problems notwithstanding). About the only major failing of the Champ is shared with many Studebaker models: rust. Champs tend to rust most severely in the cab floor and front fenders. If left unchecked, it can be extensive and very costly to repair, if it is repairable at all.