Ибби-Син: Соңғы Шүмер-Аккад патшасының құлауы

King of Sumer and Akkad, c. 2028–2004 BC

Ibbi Sin (, <sup>[[dingir), son of Shu Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned c. 2028–2004 BCE (Middle chronology) or possibly c. 1964–1940 BCE (Short chronology). During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites. As faith in Ibbi Sin's leadership failed, Elam declared its independence and began to raid as well. Ibbi Sin ordered fortifications built at the important cities of Ur and Nippur, but these efforts were not enough to stop the raids or keep the empire unified. Cities throughout Ibbi Sin's empire fell away from a king who could not protect them, notably Isin under the Amorite ruler Ishbi Erra. Ibbi Sin was, by the end of his kingship, left with only the city of Ur. In 2004 or 1940 BCE, the Elamites, along with "tribesmen from the region of Shimashki in the Zagros Mountains" sacked Ur and took Ibbi Sin captive; he was taken to the city of Elam where he was imprisoned and, at an unknown date, died.

The Amorites were considered a backward people by Mesopotamian standards; Ibbi Sin's 17th year was officially named "Year the Amorites, the powerful south wind who, from the remote past, have not known cities, submitted to Ibbi Sin the king of Ur." However, despite his father Shu Sin having built a "wall of Martu" across Mesopotamia against Amorite incursions, these were penetrated early in Ibbi Sin's reign. Scholars have suggested that, by the reign of Ibbi Sin, the empire was already in decline due to long term drought – in fact, the same drought that helped to take down the Akkadian Empire c. 2193 BCE may have been responsible for the fall of Ur III. Studies of Persian Gulf sediments indicate that the stream flow of the Tigris and Euphrates was very low around 2100–2000 BCE. [ ] Any damage to the agricultural system by enemy raids, bureaucratic mismanagement, or an inattentive ruler would result in food shortages

In years seven and eight of Ibbi Sin's kingship, the price of grain increased to 60 times the norm, which means that the success of the Amorites in disrupting the Ur III empire is, at least in part, a product of attacks on the agricultural and irrigation systems.

These attacks brought famine and caused an economic collapse in the empire, paving the way for the Elamites under Kindattu to strike into Ur and capture the king. The Lament for Sumer and Ur describe the fall of Ur and the fate of Ibbi Sin:

An, Enlil, Enki and Ninhursaja have decided its fate to overturn the divine powers of Sumer, to lock up the favourable reign in its home, to destroy the city, to destroy the house, to destroy the cattle pen, to level the sheepfold; ( ) that Shimashki and Elam, the enemy, should dwell in their place; that its shepherd, in his own palace, should be captured by the enemy, that Ibbi Sin should be taken to the land Elam in fetters, that from Mount Zabu on the edge of the sea to the borders of Ancan, like a swallow that has flown from its house, he should never return to his city"|Lament for Sumer and Ur (extract).

All the year names of Ibbi Sin are known, documenting the major events of his reign. The main year names are:

1. Year: Ibbi Suen is king
2. Year: (Ibbi Suen) chose by means of the omens the en priest of Inanna in Uruk
3. Year: Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur, destroyed Simurrum
4. Year: Enamgalanna was installed as en priest of Inanna
5. Year: The governor of Zabšali married Tukin hatti migrisha, the king's daughter
6. Year: Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur, built for Nippur and Ur their great walls
9. Year: Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur, went with massive power to Huhnuri, the bolt to the land of Anšan and like
14. Year: "Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur, overwhelmed Susa, Adamdun and Awan like a storm, subdued them in a single day and seized the lords of their people"
17. Year: "The Amorites, the powerful south wind who from the remote past have not known cities, submitted to Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur"
23. Year: "The stupid monkey in the foreign land struck against Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur"
24. Year: "Ibbi Suen, the king of Ur, struck"
|Main year names of the reign of Ibbi Sin.