HMS Starr және Meteor: Корольдік Әскери-теңіз флотының кемесінің тарихы

Sloop of the Royal Navy

HMS Starr was a 16 gun Merlin class ship sloop of the Royal Navy. She was built by Tanner, of Dartmouth, to plans by Sir William Rule, and launched in July 1805. As a sloop she served on convoy duty, though she also participated in the invasion of Martinique in early 1809. She was rebuilt as a bomb vessel in May 1812 and renamed Meteor. As Meteor she served in the Baltic and then off the United States, participating in attacks on up the Potomac and on Baltimore and New Orleans. She was sold in October 1816.

She was commissioned in October 1805 under Commander John Simpson. On 3 January 1806 she recaptured the ships Argo and Adventure, and shared in the recapture of the Good Intent. Starr was off Villa de Conde, Portugal, when she intercepted the vessels, which had been taken from a convoy that had been escorting from Newfoundland to Portugal, and both of which had been carrying cargoes of fish. Starr sighted Good Intent and signaled Mercury, which recaptured her too. On 5 February, captured the Baltidore, which was the privateer that had captured Good Intent. Starr escorted a convoy to Newfoundland in August 1807 and another to the Leeward Islands in 1808. While briefly under Commander Francis Augustus Collier, she participated in the capture of Martinique in February 1809 where she landed in command of a detachment of seamen and marines. In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the award of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Martinique" to all surviving claimants from the campaign. Between November 1811 and May 1812, Starr was rebuilt as a bomb vessel. She was then recommissioned, possibly in February 1812, as Meteor under Commander Peter Fisher. Her predecessor under the name , had been a bomb vessel too and had been sold in November. Fisher sailed Meteor to the Baltic. There, she participated in operations against Zuid Beveland, at the siege of Danzic, and at the blockade of the Scheldt. At Danzig, Meteor joined Swedish and Russian gunboats in an attack on the French garrison. Meteor pressed the attack, coming in close under the shore batteries and the bombardment damaged many houses, both directly and through subsequent fires. The allies succeeded in capturing a point, which would enable them to close the city to resupply by sea even without maintaining a naval blockade. One Russian gunboat was sunk and in all, the allies lost about 200 men. The Duke of Wurtemburg mentioned Fisher's intrepidity to Tsar Alexander. For an ordinary seaman this would amount to some three months' wages. Meteor was part of a squadron that on 2 June 1814 sailed from the Garonne, carrying 2500 troops under the command of Major General Ross to invade the United States. On 19 February 1814 Samuel Roberts took command of Meteor. He then sailed her from the Garonne to North America as an escort to a detachment of troops under Major General Ross. Meteor participated in the expedition up the Potomac (August–September 1814). On 17 August , bombs , , and Meteor, the rocket ship , and the dispatch boat Anna Maria were detached under Captain Gordon of to sail up the Potomac River and bombard Fort Washington, about ten or twelve miles below the capital. The force withdrew between 1 and 5 September, having accomplished their mission and having captured numerous small American vessels. Meteor suffered two seamen severely wounded during the withdrawal operation. On 12 September Erebus, Meteor, Aetna, , , and Devastation sailed up the Patapsco River in preparation for an attack on Baltimore. Meteor participated in the bombardment of Fort Washington, Maryland, on the Potomac River in August 1814 and the bombardment on the 13th of Fort McHenry at Baltimore. Thus, "the bombs bursting in air" from The Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key were, at least in part, Meteors. The squadron was ordered to withdraw on the 14th. In winter 1814 Meteor also took part in the naval expedition in the prelude that led to the Battle of New Orleans. On 8 December 1814, two US gunboats fired on , and the sixth rate frigate while they were passing the chain of small islands that runs parallel to the shore between Mobile and Lake Borgne. Between 12 and 15 December 1814, Captain Lockyer of Sophie led a flotilla of some 42 boats, barges, launches armed with a carronade apiece and three unarmed gigs to attack the US gunboats. Lockyer drew his flotilla from the fleet that was massing against New Orleans, including the 74 gun Third Rate , Armide, Seahorse, , and Meteor. Lockyer deployed the boats in three divisions, of which he led one. Captain Montresor of the gun brig Manly commanded the second, and Captain Roberts of Meteor commanded the third. In 1847 the Admiralty issued a clasp (or bar) marked "14 Dec. Boat Service 1814" to survivors of the boat service who claimed the clasp to the Naval General Service Medal. Thereafter two bomb vessels were dispatched up the Mississippi to attack Fort St. Philip, along with , , and , to create a diversion. Although Aetna and Meteor were mentioned, the latter vessel was , as Meteors captain was elsewhere, and played an active role in the Battle of New Orleans. When Lieutenant Colonel Thornton stormed (and subsequently captured) a redoubt on the right bank of the Mississippi, Roberts commanded three gun vessels that protected the troops' right flank. Earlier, Roberts had kept the boats together that ferried the troops across the river for the attack. Next, Meteor and were at the siege of Fort Bowyer in February 1815, the final engagement on the Gulf Coast.

On 13 June Captain Samuel Roberts received a promotion to post captain. That month command passed to Commander Daniel Roberts. On 16 October 1816 Meteor was sold at Deptford to Mr Mellish for £1,450.