Жаңа Зеландияның Хаураки шығанағы мен Хибискус жағалауының тарихы

Stretch of the Hauraki Gulf
the defunct South African municipality

Tāmaki Māori settled the Hibiscus Coast area since at least the 13th century, utilising the resources of the Weiti River, Ōrewa River and Whangaparāoa Bay, where an important shark fishery was located. After the Kawerau warrior Maki unified many of the Tāmaki Māori people of the northern and western Auckland Region, his children and grandchildren established hapū including Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Maraeariki and Ngāti Manuhiri. Ngāti Kahu and Ngāti Pāoa from the Hauraki Gulf fought for control over the Whangaparāoa Bay shark fishery in the 18th century. After fleeing the area in the 1820s due to the Musket Wars, Ngāti Kahu returned to the Hibiscus Coast, living here until the 1870s. The Hibiscus Coast was a part of the Mahurangi Block, forest sold to the Crown in 1841. Kauri loggers and itinerant kauri gum diggers were among the first Europeans to come to the area. The township of Silverdale, then known as The Wade, was established as a logging town along the Weiti River, and the Waiwera Hot Pools became a popular tourist attraction in the latter 19th century. Orewa and the Whangaparāoa Peninsula became popular tourist destinations in the 1920s, when holiday baches were constructed in the area. During World War II, a New Zealand Army base was constructed at the end of the peninsula. The area rapidly developed in the 1950s and 1960s, in part due to the opening of the Auckland Harbour Bridge, and town centres were constructed in Orewa and Whangaparāoa. The 1960s saw the opening of two regional parks, Wenderholm Regional Park, adjacent to the Hibiscus Cost, and Shakespear Regional Park, at the eastern headland of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula. The Hibiscus Coast was connected to the Auckland Northern Motorway in the late 1990s, after which further residential development occurred on the coast, most notably at Silverdale. In 2023, construction began on O Mahurangi Penlink, a new motorway to Whangaparāoa, crossing the Weiti River.

The Hibiscus Coast is an area of the northern Auckland Region, located between the Waiwera River to the north and the Ōkura River to the south, adjacent to the Hauraki Gulf. The area includes the Whangaparāoa Peninsula and Tiritiri Matangi Island, found east of the peninsula. Major communities on the Hibiscus Coast include Orewa, the Whangaparāoa Peninsula, Silverdale, and the villages of Stillwater, Hatfields Beach and Waiwera. The area is home to six rivers, estuaries and streams: the Waiwera Estuary, to the north, Ōtānerua Stream, Nukumea Stream, Ōrewa River, Weiti River, and Ōkura River to the south. Beaches in the region are predominantly sandy, with gentle slopes. Many of these are wide and provide excellent opportunities for sunbathing, swimming, and water sports. Red Beach and Orewa are some of Auckland's best beginner surf beaches, whilst other Hibiscus Coast beaches are more suitable for swimming and families. Tiritiri Matangi Island is an open sanctuary, and the largest island on the Hibiscus Coast. Tiritiri Matangi is located a short distance off the end of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula adjacent to the Shakespear Regional Park. Mahurangi Island is a smaller Island which sits off the mouth of the Waiwera River, the island forms part of the Wenderholm Regional Park. The smallest island on the Hibiscus Coast is Kotanui Island (Frenchman's Cap), which sits between Matakatia and Gulf Harbour Marina. Prior to European settlement, the inland Hibiscus Coast area was densely forested, dominated by kauri, and the upper Ōrewa River catchment was a wetland. By the mid 19th century, the Whangaparāoa Peninsula was no longer forested, and was dominated by mānuka scrub and swamplands. Hibiscus was also used as the name of one of the minereal baths at the Waiwera Hot Pools in the early 20th century. The Hibiscus Coast Association was established in the 1960s, and lobbied against other regions of New Zealand adopting the hibiscus as a symbol. The name was officially adopted in 1971, when the Whangaparaoa Riding of the Waitemata County was renamed the Hibiscus Coast Riding. Hibiscus Coast has been translated into Māori as Te Kūiti o te Puarangi, referring to puarangi, a rare native species of hibiscus.

The Hibiscus Coast area has been settled since at least the 13th century, with many of the first Māori occupants identifying as Ngā Oho. Archaeological sites in the area are most densely found at Karepiro Bay, the Ōrewa River estuary and Shakespear Regional Park, at the end of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula. and was often used as a resting point for people travelling between the Mahurangi Harbour and Waitematā Harbour. Portages, where waka could be hauled overland between waterways, connected the Hibiscus Coast area to the Kaipara Harbour in the west. The Weiti Portage crossed overland between the Kaukapakapa River and the Weiti River, while the Aotoetoe portage travelled north between the Kaukapakapa River and the Ōrewa River. Additionally, the Waiau portage bisected the Whangaparāoa Peninsula between Tindalls Beach and Matakatia, and it is likely that another portage existed on the peninsula to the west, connecting Red Beach to the Weiti River. After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū, including the wider Hibiscus Coast hapū of Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Poataniwha and Ngāti Kahu. Maki's younger son Maraeariki primarily settled at the head of the Ōrewa River, and his hapū Ngāti Maraeariki grew to occupy lands between Whangaparāoa and Ōmaha. while Ngāti Kahu, who descend from Maraeariki's daughter Kahu, formed links with both Ngāi Tai descendants of Taihaua and Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara. Alice Eaves Scenic Reserve, Rakauananga Pā at Hobbs Bay, Coalminers Bay, Big Manly Beach and Little Manly Beach.

The Hibiscus Coast was the location of an important shark fishery, located between Kawau Island and the Whangaparāoa Peninsula, which was contested between iwi of the wider region. seasonally stayed at Whangaparāoa with his Ngāti Paoa relatives.

The Hibiscus Coast area was visited by explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1827 aboard the Astrolabe. d'Urville decided to name Karepiro Bay Tofino Bay after the Spanish navigator and mathematician Vicente Tofiño de San Miguel, and the Whangaparāoa Peninsula 'Buache'. The first known European to step ashore onto the Hibiscus Coast was a missionary in 1833, and early timber merchants were attracted to the Weiti River catchment by the late 1830s. Following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, the Crown made the first purchases of the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks on 13 April 1841, which included the Hibiscus Coast. While some iwi and hapū with customary interests had been engaged, such as Ngāti Paoa and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, others, including Te Kawerau ā Maki, Ngāti Manuhiri and Ngāti Rango, were not involved with transactions. This led to Ngāti Manuhiri being alienated from land on the Hibiscus Coast. The first known permanent settler along the Weiti River was John Robey Cole Hatfield, who settled in 1844. By 1853, there were likely between 200 and 300 people living at the Wade. In 1844, Robert Graham constructed a house adjacent to the Waiwera Hot Pools, publicising the hot pools as a tourist destination from 1848 onwards. In 1864, the Waiwera hot springs hotel was constructed, and by 1878 ferry services operated between Auckland and the hotel. Outside of the Wade, Ranulph Dacre acquired Weiti Station, a timber mill at modern Okura Bush Scenic Reserve in 1846, It remains New Zealand's oldest working lighthouse. Orewa House was the de Jersey Grut home for three generations, becoming a commercial guest house in 1906.

The Hibiscus Coast has a number of beaches that attract people to live there. Other places of interest on the coast or nearby include Snowplanet, Auckland Adventure Park, the Waiwera Hot Pools (now abandoned), Orewa Beach, Shakespear Regional Park, and Gulf Harbour. Gulf Harbour is near the end of the Whangaparaoa Peninsula, which is quite close to the wildlife reserve Tiritiri Matangi Island. Ferries transport people to the island from the harbour and back on a regular basis. becoming part of Rodney County, them from 1989 to 2010 Rodney District. Orewa was the administrative centre for the Rodney District. The Hibiscus Coast was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010, under a single unitary authority system. Within the Auckland Council, the Hibiscus Coast subdivision is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Gulf Harbour School, is a primary school which first opened in 1998. KingsWay School Junior Campus, is a state integrated Christian school, which was first established in 1986, moving to a new site in 1990, where the senior campus later opened, and then to its own site in 2014. Nukumea Primary School, announced in 2018 as Orewa North West Primary School, in 2021, work began on the third Orewa primary school which, opened in term one 2023. Orewa Beach Primary School, was the second of three primary schools located in Orewa, it was founded as Orewa North Primary in 1978. Orewa Primary School, the first of three very similarly sized primary school located in Orewa, formed from the Orewa District High School was founded in 1956. Red Beach Primary, was established in 1989. Silverdale Primary School, the oldest school on the coast, was founded in 1869, and in 2006 the school moved to its current site. As of 2019 it no longer offered years 7 and 8 classes. Whangaparāoa Primary.

Orewa College, formed in 1974 from the Orewa District High School which was originally founded in 1956. Wentworth College, a private secondary school located in Gulf Harbour, started in 2003. Whangaparaoa College, formed from Hibiscus Coast Intermediate School and was formally established 2005. KingsWay School Senior Campus, a state integrated Christian secondary school, In early 2009, a further motorway extension connected the motorway to Puhoi, creating the Northern Gateway Toll Road and replacing that section of State Highway 17. Connecting State Highway One at Silverdale to Puhoi via Orewa and Hatfields Beach, the Hibiscus Coast Highway was formerly a section of State Highway 17 and prior to that State Highway One. and is set to open in 2026.

Auckland Transport local bus routes are operated by AT Metro across the Hibiscus Coast. Urban Rapid Transit services operate from the Hibiscus Coast Busway Station and connect the coast to central Auckland and Warkworth. InterCity services also operate via the Hibiscus Coast Busway Station.

Auckland Transport commuter ferry services are operated by Fullers360, running between Gulf Harbour and Downtown Auckland on weekdays. Tourism services are operated by Explore via Gulf Harbour to Tiritiri Matangi Island and operate year round.

The Hibiscus Coast has a warm temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) on the Köppen Climate Classification System.

The Hibiscus Coast is home to two outdoor lawn bowling clubs, one in Orewa, and another in Manly. A third bowls club formerly operated in Silverdale at the War Memorial Park, but closed prior to 2018.

Founded in 1974, the Hibiscus Coast AFC is an amateur football club based in Stanmore Bay which competes in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2.

The Hibiscus Coast formally had three golf clubs, as of 2023 only the Whangaparaoa Golf Club remains operational. Whangaparaoa Golf Club first opened in the 1950s and is located on 41 acres in Army Bay. The former Peninsula Golf Course was originally formed in 1956. It was an 18 hole golf course which covered almost 45 hectares. the following year, the club hosted the 1998 World Cup of Golf. Then in 2005 and 2006 the club hosted the New Zealand Open. In July 2023 the club closed after "two years of unsuccessfully looking for ways to make the running of the club financially viable".

The Hibiscus Coast Netball Centre is home to six netball courts and is located in Manly, on Edith Hopper Park. In 2009 the Silverdale Seahawks Netball Club was established.

The Silverdale United Rugby Club is a rugby union club based in Silverdale. The club was established in 1887 in 1963 the Kaukapakapa Rugby Club was merged with the Silverdale Club. During the 2011 Rugby World Cup, New Zealand rugby clubs were asked to host country's national teams, as a result, the Silverdale War Memorial Park grounds played host to teams from Japan, Namibia, and Samoa. The club is a part of the Auckland Rugby League and compete in the Fox Memorial Championship.

The Hibiscus Coast is home to two Yacht and Sailing Clubs, the Gulf Harbour Yacht Club is based in Gulf Harbour and faces towards the south side of the Whangaparaoa Peninsula whilst the Manly Sailing Club is located on Big Manly Beach on the north side. Both clubs host a variety of Regional, National and International regattas. As of 2023, only the Manly Sailing Club offer Learn to Sail Programmes in their respective classes.

Two Hibiscus Coast beaches, Orewa and Red Beach are patrolled by lifeguards over the summer months. Orewa Surf Lifesaving Club was first established in 1950 with the current club building opening in 1960. Orewa Surf Lifesaving Club is currently developing a new Surf Life Saving Community Hub on the site of the existing club. Red Beach Surf Life Saving Club was formed three years after Orewa in 1953, the first club house was completed in 1956 then replaced with a new building in 1983.

The Silverdale Tennis Club is located in the Silverdale War Memorial Park. Two tennis clubs are situated in Manly at Edith Hopper Park and Manly Park. Another Tennis Club is located in Victor Eaves Park, Orewa.