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This is a timeline of Adelaide history.

The Kaurna peoples' traditional lands stretched from Port Broughton to Cape Jervis, encompassing the Adelaide Plains.

1834: South Australia Act 1834 (the "Foundation Act") passed on 15 August 1834, providing a legal framework and funds for the British colonisation of South Australia. 1834: The South Australian Lodge of Friendship No. 613 was founded 22 October. The Lodge held its first meeting at 7 John Street, Adelphi, London. 1836: Letters Patent erect and establish the Province of South Australia on 19 February 1836. It was to be Australia's second free colony and the first experiment of the Wakefieldian systematic colonization theory. 1836: Tent city set up by the South Australian Company on the site now known as Kingscote on Kangaroo Island. 1836: Site spanning the River Torrens is chosen for Adelaide by Colonel William Light in December 1836. Governor John Hindmarsh, aboard , lands at Holdfast Bay and proclaims the commencement of South Australia's colonial government on 28 December. 1837: Colonel Light designs the plan for the city of Adelaide and completes the city survey. One acre allotments are made, first to holders of land orders and then by auction. The city's first hospital is opened on North Terrace. 1838: The South Australia Police, the first police force in Australia, is formed in Adelaide under Henry Inman. The first German immigrants arrive and settle in Klemzig, Hahndorf and surrounds. 1839: Colonel Light dies on 6 October at Thebarton and is interred in Light Square – a memorial will be built over the grave. 1839: Port Road opens as the first road built in South Australia. Late 1830s: The first stone house in Adelaide is built by William Austin Barnes on the corner of Morphett and Grote streets.

1840: The first portion of Government House is completed, becoming the first in Australia. The Corporation of Adelaide is founded as the first municipal authority in Australia, and James Hurtle Fisher is elected mayor. An agricultural show, which will become the Royal Adelaide Show, is first held in the yard of Fordham's Hotel in Grenfell Street. 1841: Construction begins of Adelaide Gaol, and the first section is completed. The Adelaide Hospital (later Royal) is opened. 1843: The first Legislative Council building is opened on North Terrace. 1844: 22 April: Intervention of the police in a dispute between the Kaurna and Moorundie in the West Parklands and destruction of the aboriginal weapons. Considered the end point of Kaurna culture in Adelaide. 1845: 2 January: Death by tuberculosis in Adelaide of Mullawirraburka, known as "King John", Kaurna elder who learned English, taught aboriginal lore and helped the early colonists. 1844: The colonial Government takes control of the Corporation of Adelaide. 1847: St Peter's College is established. Pulteney Grammar School is established. 1848: The Savings Bank of South Australia begins trading from a room in Gawler Place. 1849: City Commissioners are nominated to manage Adelaide.

1860: 29 February: the Agricultural and Horticultural Exhibition, the Adelaide Autumn Show, takes place for the first time in a specially constructed building adjacent to North Terrace. 1860: Thorndon Park Reservoir supplied water through new reticulation system. 1861: East Terrace markets opened. 1863: First gas supplied to city. 1865: Bank of Adelaide founded. 1866: The Italianate Adelaide Town Hall opened. 1867: Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, made first royal visit to Adelaide. Gas Street Lights first appear on Adelaide streets. 1868: 10 February: Major fire at D. & W. Murray's, drapery, King William Street
1869: The City Market (later Central) opened on Grote Street. 1869: Brighton Town Hall was built on Brighton Road, Hove.