Стэнли О. Гейнздің зерттеулері: Ұлыбританиядағы афро-ұрпақтар арасындағы стереотиптік қауіп

American psychologist

Stanley O. Gaines Jr. is a Social Psychologist and Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences at Brunel University. Gaines is the lead author of Culture, Ethnicity, and Personal Relationship Processes, published by Routledge in 1997 .

Gaines earned a PhD in psychology from the University of Texas in 1991. Throughout this time he had the support of a UT Austin graduate fellowship, a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship, and a Macalester College pre doctoral fellowship.

As a trained social psychologist, Gaines specializes in close relationships and statistics. He has been able to publish in both mainstream and African centered publications. His current research focuses on the links between objective poverty and individuals’ experience of inner wellbeing across time, among married men and women, and single women heading households in rural villages within India and Zambia.

This study on 103 people in the United Kingdom examined the impact of individual, institutional, cultural, and collective racism on a person's susceptibility to stereotype among African descent persons. The study found that different experiences with these types of racism were not significant when relating to the susceptibility to stereotype threat. This was contrary to the study's original hypothesis. The only significant indicator came with experiences in collective racism and it showed that it was a positive predictor of susceptibility. This study dealt with implications for the continuing relevance of Erving Goffman's Symbolic Interactionist Theory and Construct of Stigma. It also related strongly to Claude Steele's construct of stereotype threat to the field of Black psychology. While previous research on stereotype threat has mostly focused on academic aspects, this study decided to branch out and focus on stereotype threat on a wide range throughout the United Kingdom. Stereotype threat means the anxiety and potentially impaired performance that comes from the social stigma of inferiority an individual believes has already been evaluated in their domain. The study was considered relatively new, due to the fact that the majority of stereotype threat studies have been done in the United States. The hypothesis for the study was that the UK, like the US, would have high incidences of stereotype threat among African descent people. In the study, 49 of the participants were men and 64 were women, and the average age of the participants was 28.12 years old. The entire study consisted of a snowball sampling for participants within the West London area. They were first given the consent document and then asked to complete the study survey about stereotype threat. The most prominent finding from the study came from the significant positive effect of experience with collective racism on an African descent persons’ susceptibility to stereotype threat. The effect was significant even after controlling for the other forms of racism. The study drew a connection in stereotype threat in modern times to a history where White mobs would gang up on Black individuals as a form of collective racism. The rest of the forms of racism were found to be insignificant, and this was noted as very surprising and unexpected. While the study was innovative for its area, it was also narrow and impractical. Their future research needs to have more lifelike scenarios instead of solely depending on an objective survey to find out about people's experiences. Individual definitions and sensitivities to racism can also be called into question. When comparing across a large spectrum of people, the study needs to make sure that all of the answers are relative and using a similar type of scale. The article also should have been more detailed about what the actual survey consisted of. However, the researchers did a good job staying unbiased. Although they inserted opinions into the article, they did not make conclusions or question the data because of it. Overall, the study was interesting and informative while researching an ever changing topic.

Plous, S. (2009, December 21). Stanley O. Gaines Jr. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from Social Psychology Network website: http://gaines. socialpsychology. org/research
Gaines, Stanley O. Jr. (05/01/2012). "Impact of experiences with racism on African descent persons’ susceptibility to stereotype threat within the United Kingdom.". Journal of black psychology (0095 7984), 38 (2), p. 135. Gaines, S. (2013, March 8). Stanley Gaines. Retrieved November 14, 2013, from Brunel University, London website: http://www. brunel. ac. uk/sss/psychology/staff profiles/stanley gaines
Gaines, S. O. (2000, July 18). Pomona College Statement on Dr. Gaines' Hunger Strike. Retrieved November 16, 2013, from Tripod website:http://gmoses. tripod. com/gaines/sgdoc003. htm
Gaines, S. O. Jr. (1997). Culture, ethnicity, and personal relationship processes. New York: Routledge.