Исаак Кашдан: Америкалық шахмат шеберінің өмірі мен жетістіктері

American chess player

Isaac Kashdan (November 19, 1905, in New York City – February 20, 1985, in Los Angeles) was an American chess grandmaster and chess writer. He was twice U. S. Open champion (1938, 1947). He played five times for the United States in chess Olympiads, winning a total of nine medals, and his Olympiad record is the all time best among American players. Kashdan was often called 'der Kleine Capablanca' (German for "The little Capablanca") in Europe because of his ability to extract victories from seemingly even positions. Alexander Alekhine named him one of the most likely players to succeed him as World Champion. Kashdan could not, however, engage seriously in a chess career for financial reasons; his peak chess years coincided with the Great Depression. He resorted to earning a living as an insurance agent and administrator in order to support his family.

Kashdan, who was Jewish, attended CCNY in the 1920s.

He played five times for U. S. team in the Chess Olympiads, with his detailed results below:
In 1928, he played at first board in 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague (+12 –1 =2). In 1930, he played at first board in 3rd Chess Olympiad in Hamburg (+12 –1 =4). In 1931, he played at first board in 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague (+8 –1 =8). In 1933, he played at first board in 5th Chess Olympiad in Folkestone (+7 –1 =6). In 1937, he played at third board in 7th Chess Olympiad in Stockholm (+13 –1 =2). In Stockholm 1937, he scored 14/16, the best individual record of all the players. His all time Olympic record stands at 79.7% (+52 5 =22), the best all time among American players. Kashdan won four team medals: three gold (1931, 1933, 1937), one silver (1928), and five individual medals: two gold (1928, 1937), one silver (1933), and two bronze (1930, 1931). Among players who have played in the open section of four or more Olympiads, Kashdan's winning percentage is the fourth best in history, behind only World Champions Mikhail Tal, Anatoly Karpov, and Tigran Petrosian.

In Frankfurt in 1930, Kashdan took second place (behind Aron Nimzowitsch) and won in Stockholm. He won at Győr 1930 with 8.5/9. At New York City 1931, Kashdan took second place with 8.5/11, behind José Raúl Capablanca. At Bled 1931, Kashdan scored 13.5/26 to tie for 4 7th places, as Alekhine scored an undefeated 20.5 points. In 1931/32, at Hastings, Kashdan took second place, behind Salo Flohr, with 7.5/9. In 1932 in Mexico City, he tied for first place with Alekhine with 8.5/9, and took second place behind Alekhine at Pasadena with 7.5/11. At London 1932, Kashdan tied 3rd 4th places with 7.5/11, with Alekhine winning. In the U. S. Open Chess Championship / Western Open, Chicago 1934, Kashdan scored 4.5/9 in the finals, to tie for 5th 6th places, with Reshevsky and Reuben Fine sharing the title.

Kashdan drew 5–5 in a match against Horowitz at New York City 1938. Kashdan lost both of his games against Alexander Kotov in the 1945 radio match against the USSR, a match which marked the definitive shift in world chess power to the Soviet Union. At Hollywood 1945, Kashdan placed 5th with 7/12, as Reshevsky won.

The American team traveled to Moscow in 1946 for a rematch against the Soviet team, and Kashdan partially avenged his result against Kotov from the previous year, winning 1.5 0.5. But in the 1948 New York International, Kashdan made just 4/9 for a tied 7 8th place, with Fine winning.

Kashdan was awarded the Grandmaster title in 1954, and the International Arbiter title in 1960. Kashdan captained the American Olympiad team for Leipzig 1960 to a silver medal finish. Brady praised Kashdan's contribution: "Possibly the most valuable member was a non player, Isaac Kashdan. As team captain, he brought to our players an incomparable knowledge not only of the complications of international team chess, but also of the zest and confidence of the Thirties that had seen him front and center in an unbroken succession of American victories." In 1933, Kashdan, in partnership with Horowitz, founded Chess Review, a magazine that was purchased by the United States Chess Federation in 1969. He edited the tournament book for the 1966 Piatigorsky Cup tournament. Kashdan was the longtime editor of the Los Angeles Times chess column, from 1955 until 1982, when he suffered a disabling stroke. In his role as an arbiter, he directed many chess tournaments, including the two Piatigorsky Cup tournaments of 1963 (at Los Angeles) and 1966 (at Santa Monica). Kashdan also helped to organize the series of Lone Pine tournaments in the 1970s, which were sponsored by Louis Statham. Kashdan was later involved in administration in the United States Chess Federation, serving as a vice president.

Denker and Parr write that Kashdan was a powerful tactician, but that his real strength was in the endgame, and that he was very strong with the two bishops. However, Grandmaster Denker also pointed out that "the slightest touch of rigidity" occasionally crept into Kashdan's play, as he sometimes resorted to artificial maneuvers to obtain the two bishops. His only surviving son, Richard Kashdan, is an attorney living in San Francisco (as of 2010). Richard is known in hacker and phreak circles by his handle "Mark Bernay". Under his nickname, he maintains an archive of "phone trips"; recordings documenting travels around the United States, during the 1960s and early 1970s, with the purpose of exploring local telephone switching networks. Richard keeps up with chess news, and is interested in the game, although he does not play competitively.

It has never been a disgrace to lose to Kashdan.|source=IGM Arnold Denker, If You Must Play Chess, 1947