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Statistical publication on traffic casualties in the UK

Reported Road Casualties Great Britain (RRCGB), formerly Road Casualties Great Britain (RCGB) and before that Road Accidents Great Britain (RAGB), is the official statistical publication of the UK Department for Transport (DfT) on traffic casualties, fatalities and related road safety data. This publication, first produced in 1951, is the primary source for data on road casualties in Great Britain. It is based primarily on police STATS19 data. Data has been collected since 1926. The remainder of the UK casualty statistics, those from Northern Ireland, are reported separately by the PSNI.

Data has been collected since 1926, in which year there were 4,886 fatalities in some 124,000 crashes. Between 1951 and 2006 a total of 309,144 people were killed and 17.6 million were injured in accidents on British roads. The highest number of deaths in any one year was 9,169 people in 1941 during World War II. The highest figure during peacetime was 7,985 in 1966. In 1987, the government set the first national casualty reduction target. The target set was that road casualties should drop by one third by the year 2000 in comparison to the average numbers for the years 1981 to 1985. The target was exceeded, with the number of fatalities dropping by 39% and the number of serious injuries dropping by 45% over that period. In 1999, when Great Britain had the safest roads in Europe apart from Sweden, the government set a new national casualty reduction target, to be met by the year 2010. The target for 2010, compared to the average for the years 1994 to 1998, was a reduction of 40% in the number of people Killed or Seriously Injured (KSI) casualties, a reduction of 50% the number of children KSI casualties and a reduction of 10% in the rate of people slightly injured per 100 million vehicle kilometres. There is some concern about the completeness of the injury data and what can be concluded from it (see the Criticism section below). This table gives data for sample years:

YearKilledSerious injurySlight injuryTotal injuryref Note19264,886 20053,20129,000238,862268,00020063,17229,000226,559255,00020092,22224,690195,234222,14620101,85720,803185,995206,798Traffic levels fell by 2%.20111,90123,122178,927203,950First increase in fatalities since 2001. Pedestrian fatalities increased by 12%, car occupants by 6%. They were lower for all other groups.20121,75423,039170,930193,96910% increase in deaths of cyclists and increasing serious injuries of pedestrians.20131,71321,657160,300181,957Lowest death rate since records began.20141,77522,807169,895194,477Death and KSI rate rise for a 2nd time since 2001.20151,73222,137162,340186,209Second lowest annual total on record after 2013.20161,79224,101155,491179,5924% rise in deaths to highest level since 2011.20171,79324,831144,369170,99320181,78225,484133,112160,37820191,75225,945 (30,144)125,461 (121,262)153,158Comparison of this figure with earlier years should be interpreted with caution due to changes in systems for severity reporting by some police forces. The numbers given in bold are adjusted estimates following methodology from the Office for National Statistics Methodology Advisory Service analysis accounting for change in severity reporting (see page 7).20201,46020,102 (22,069)92,055 (94,022)115,584Figures affected by Covid19 pandemic20211,55823,363 (25,892)103,288 (100,759)128,2092022 (provisional)1,695(28,101)(106,206)136,002

Casualties by severity, built up, non built up and on motorways. Road typeKilledSerious injurySlight injuryTotal injuryRef. NoteNon built up (excludes motorways)1,3238,34248,81058,475 52% of the total killed, 32% of total seriously injured, 25% of total with slight injuriesBuilt up1,05716,823143,079160,959 42% of the total killed, 65% of total seriously injured, 70% of total with slight injuriesMotorway15886910,44411,471"6% of the total killed, 3% of total seriously injured, 5% of total with slight injuries. Fatalities on motorways have decreased by 9% since 1994–98 in a period with traffic levels increased by 28%"All casualties2,53826,034202,333230,905

The police collect details of all incidents which they attend or become aware of within 30 days which occur on the highway in which one or more person is killed or injured and involving one or more vehicles using the STATS19 data collection system. STATS19 is the reference number for the police form used to record incidents. STATS20 describes how to complete the form giving examples of how to correctly record different situations. STATS19 data is used in European Union road safety studies.

The accuracy of the police STATS19 statistics, and thus much of the data published in the RCGB, and therefore its suitability for measuring trends in road casualties was examined in two studies in 2006 and has subsequently been commented on by the Department for Transport who concluded that the figures for deaths were accurate, however the actual total injuries is likely considerably higher than the reported figure, possibly three times higher. A report published in the British Medical Journal in 2006 by M. Gill et al. compared police and Hospital Episode Statistics between 1996 and 2004 and concluded that although the police statistics showed a reduction in KSIs from 85.9 to 59.4 per 100,000 for the period the statistics for hospital admissions related to traffic accidents requiring hospital admission for the period did not. It concluded that the overall fall in police figures represented a fall in completeness of reporting of these injuries rather than an actual reduction of casualties. Also in 2006 a report prepared for the DfT by H. Ward et al. noted that although the figures for fatalities were normally accurate, with no significant under reporting there was more uncertainty in the statistics relating to injury. They recommended that it was insufficient to rely solely on the STATS19 data or any other single data source because different databases showed different elements of the story and that "A system of data triangulation should be used to compare and understand trends in road casualties." They noted that the definition of seriously injured in police reports was at least partially subjective, and there was some under reporting (though less than is the case for lesser injuries). The report also noted that there were changes to the method used to estimate vehicle mileages in 1995 which would affect direct comparisons of figures spanning this year. The Department for Transport acknowledged in their report for the year 2008 that a considerable proportion of non fatal casualties are not known to the police. Based on additional sources including hospital records, surveys and compensation claims they estimate that the total number of road casualties in Great Britain each year is nearer to 800,000 (although this figure itself may be influenced by the growth in the so called 'compensation culture'). The UK government is not convinced however that the reductions in reported injury levels do not reflect an actual decline. In 2008 the department changed the title of the report from "Road Casualties Great Britain" to "Reported Road Casualties Great Britain".

Another independent report challenged the government's claim that falling casualty rates meant that roads were becoming "much safer". Mayer Hillman, John Adams and John Whitelegg suggest that roads may actually be felt to be sufficiently dangerous as to deter pedestrians from using them. They compared rates for those whose transport options are most limited, the elderly and children and found that:
Britain's child pedestrian safety record is worse than the average for Europe, in contrast to the better than average all ages figure. Children's independent mobility is increasingly curtailed, with fear of traffic being cited as a dominant cause. Distances walked have declined more than in other European countries. Similar (though less well defined) observations can be made regarding the elderly.