Гюстров қаласы: тарих, мәдениет және географиясы

Town in Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Germany

Güstrow (; Gustrovium) is a town in Mecklenburg Vorpommern in north eastern Germany. It is capital of the Rostock district; Rostock itself is a district free city and regiopolis. It has a population of 28,999 (2020) and is the seventh largest town in Mecklenburg Western Pomerania. Since 2006 Güstrow has had the official suffix Barlachstadt. The town is known for its renaissance Güstrow Palace, the old town and its brick gothic cathedral with Barlach's Floating Angel sculpture.

Güstrow is 45 kilometers south of Rostock at the Nebel, an arm of the Warnow. The Bützow Güstrow Kanal (channel) is a navigable connection to the Warnow and used by tourists. There are five lakes (Inselsee, Sumpfsee, Parumer See, Grundloser See and Gliner See) and several forests around Güstrow.

The name Güstrow comes from the Polabian Guščerov and means lizard place. In 1219 the Wendish castle Güstrowe was built where the renaissance palace stands now. Güstrow is said to be founded by Heinrich Borwin II, a grandson of Henry the Lion, between 1219 and 1226 and was first mentioned in 1228 in the deed of city rights of Schwerin, confirmed by the sons of Heinrich Borwin II, who donated the cathedral as collegiate church in 1226. Güstrow was a residence of the lords of Werle from 1229 until 1436. In 1441 the first privileged shooting society of Güstrow was founded. The host desecration trial of 1330 ended with the burning of 23 Jews and the destruction of the synagogue. The Kapelle des heiligen Bluts (Chapel of the Holy Blood) was built on the site of the synagogue. In 1503, 1508 and in 1512 fires destroyed the town and in 1556 the palace burned down. After the division of Mecklenburg (1621) it became the capital of the small Duchy of Mecklenburg Güstrow. (Albrecht von Wallenstein, the imperial general in the Thirty Years' War, was a duke of Mecklenburg Güstrow.) In 1695 the last duke of Mecklenburg Güstrow died, and the duchy ceased to exist. Güstrow became a part of the Duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin. The famous sculptor Ernst Barlach lived in Güstrow from 1910 to his death in 1938. During World War II, Güstrow was the location of a labour camp of the Reich Labour Service, a Gestapo operated prison and a forced labour subcamp of the prison in Dreibergen. After the war, it formed part of East Germany.

City buses are run by rebus GmbH. The town is the southern terminus of the Rostock S Bahn.

The motorcycle speedway team MC Güstrow compete in the German league at the Güstrow Speedway Stadium.