1985 жылғы "Дэнни" дауылы: АҚШ-тағы құйын және зардаптары

Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 1985

Hurricane Danny produced 13 significant (F2+) tornadoes in the Southern United States during August 1985, the most spawned by a tropical cyclone until Hurricane Ivan in 2004. The fourth named storm and third hurricane of the season, Danny developed from a tropical wave in the northwestern Caribbean Sea on August 12. The system moved northwestward and initially remained weak. Early on August 13, it brushed Cape San Antonio, Cuba before emerging the Gulf of Mexico later that day. The system then intensified into Tropical Storm Danny on August 14. Danny deepened further and became a hurricane early on the following day, while beginning to re curve north northwestward. Late on August 16, Danny attained its peak intensity with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h). Shortly thereafter, the storm made landfall near Grand Chenier, Louisiana at the same intensity. Early on August 17, Danny weakened to a tropical storm and was downgraded to a tropical depression several hours later. It moved east northeastward across the Southeastern United States, until dissipating over southeastern Virginia on August 18. There was widespread coastal and inland flooding in Louisiana. The storm brought up to of precipitation to Kentwood. Additionally, there were two tornadoes reported in the state. Overall, 33 single family homes and 26 mobile homes were destroyed, while three condos, 908 single family houses and 265 mobile homes were damaged. A combination of rainfall and storm surge in southern Mississippi caused severe beach erosion and flooded 70 homes in Hancock County alone. Further north, a tornado in Enterprise severely damaged six homes, three barns, and two roofs; it also destroyed one house. In Alabama, the storm spawned 34 tornadoes, which destroyed 27 single family residences and 18 mobile homes. About 90 homes, eight mobile homes, and 23 businesses suffered damage. Impact was similar but less severe in several other states, including Georgia, Maryland, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. Danny caused five fatalities and about $100 million in damage (1985 USD).

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on July 30. The system moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean without much convection, or thunderstorms. On August 8, the wave crossed the crossing the Windward Islands and entered the Caribbean Sea, whereupon convection increased. A broad low pressure area was evident on August 10 in the central Caribbean Sea. Two days later, a United States Air Force reconnaissance aircraft observed a poorly defined circulation near the Cayman Islands with enough organization to be designated Tropical Depression Four. The nascent depression moved northwestward without further organization, crossing over western Cuba near Cape San Antonio early on August 13. After crossing Cuba into the Gulf of Mexico, the depression organized more and intensified into Tropical Storm Danny early on August 14. Intensifying over the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico, Danny attained hurricane status around 00:00 UTC on August 15, only 24 hours after being upgraded to a tropical storm. Danny continued to strengthen as it approached the southern United States, maintaining a northwest trajectory. The Hurricane Hunters flew into the hurricane on August 15, observing peak winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 987 millibars (29.15 InHg). At 16:30 UTC that day, Danny turned to the north and made landfall near Lake Charles, Louisiana. While moving through the state, the hurricane's winds dropped below gale force within 24 hours. Danny remained a distinct tropical entity as it progressed into the Tennessee Valley on August 17, its circulation drawing in drier air from the northwest. To its north, a weakening weather front was moving to the northwest ahead of a large approaching trough. These weather conditions caused a tornado outbreak, due to the atmospheric instability and high convective available potential energy. On August 19, the circulation associated with former Hurricane Danny merged with the approaching trough, thereby becoming an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Danny continued to the east northeast, emerging into the western Atlantic Ocean near the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and were tracked until August 20 to the southeast of Nantucket.

Prior to the arrival of Danny, a gale warning and a hurricane watch was issued from the upper Texas coast to Mobile on August 13. The next day, the gale watch was extended westward. Later that day, the watch was replaced with a hurricane warning, however, the warning area did not include New Orleans. About 5,700 people in Louisiana were housed in shelters.

Overall, Danny killed five people and left $50 to $100 million (1985 USD) in damage Moderate to heavy rainfall fell to the east of the track while Danny remained tropical. As it was transitioning into a frontal wave across the Eastern United States, heavy rainfall became focused to the left of its track, overrunning the frontal surface ahead of the storm.

The primary effect from Danny in Louisiana was coastal and inland flooding. The storm dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at in Kentwood. Along the coast, storm surge inundated barrier islands, damaged coastal marshes, and caused erosion. Two tornadoes were spawned by the storm in Louisiana. Overall, the American Red Cross reported that 33 single family homes and 26 mobile homes were destroyed, with 454 single family houses and 175 mobile homes receiving extensive impact. Minor damage was reported at three condos, 90 mobile homes, and 454 single family homes. Inland, the communities of Cocodrie, Montegut, Isle de Jean Charles, and Pointe aux Chenes were hardest hit. The next tornado was also spawned in Walker County in the county seat of Jasper. The tornado moved northward just east of downtown and caused extensive damage to an auto parts store and two mobile home sales parks along Route 78. Several vehicles and other homes nearby were damaged, nine of which were left uninhabitable. A third tornado developed over Lawrence County about 5 mile (8 km) southeast of Moulton. The brief, F1 tornado downed trees onto a highway, trapping a motorist. The storm spawned 4 tornadoes in Georgia. A tornado touched down near Jefferson in Jackson County. Along its 10 mile (16 km) path, the tornado destroyed two chicken houses and killed several thousand chickens. Additionally, two houses experienced severe damage and a number of others received minor impact. The tornado ended after impacting the Jackson County Airport, where it destroyed 13 aircraft and severely damaged and unroofed a hangar. Another tornado was spawned in Oconee County at the town of Bogart. One mobile home and a house were destroyed and several others suffered various degrees of damage; a number of trees were also downed along its path. Two people were killed when their car hydroplaned due to a tornado in Rockingham County in North Carolina. The same tornado injured 35 people and displaced 102 families. High winds downed trees and minor flooding was reported.

+ Confirmed tornadoes during the August 15–18, 1985 tornado outbreakF#LocationCounty / ParishDateTime (CST)Path lengthMax widthDamageLouisiana F2Grand Isle areaJeffersonAugust 152:40 a. m.0.7 mile (1 km) Destroyed the roofs of two buildings. F1S of HackberryJeffersonAugust 1511:45 a. m.0.7 mile (1 km) Destroyed two trailers. F0N of ReggioSaint BernardAugust 1514:30 a. m.0.7 mile (1 km)Mississippi F2E of HickoryNewtonAugust 166:35 a. m. F0S of EnterpriseClarkeAugust 168:30 a. m. Alabama F2Parrish areaWalkerAugust 1610:00 a. m.1.3 mile (2 km) 1 death – Tornado moved through business district, and damaged or destroyed 28 buildings. A mobile home was wrecked, killing the owner. F2Jasper areaWalkerAugust 1610:10 a. m.1.5 mile (2 km) From the same tornado family as the Parrish tornado, the twister crossed U. S. Route 78, damaging cars adjacent buildings. Five people were injured. F1SE of MoultonLawrenceAugust 1611:20 a. m.0.1 mile (0 km) Brief tornado downed several trees, one of which trapped a motorist. F2Muscle Shoals areaColbertAugust 1611:35 a. m.8 mile (13 km) Tornado first struck Spring Valley, where it damaged nine buildings and injured two people. In Muscle Shoals, impacts were confined to roofs, trees, and power lines. F3Danville areaMorgan, LimestoneAugust 1611:40 a. m.45 mile (72 km) Lasting for 100 minutes, at times as a funnel cloud, the twister started south of Danville and passed near Neel and Trinity. It damaged several buildings in western Limestone County, injuring two people. F2Alliance areaJeffersonAugust 1611:55 a. m.3 mile (5 km) Brief tornado took an intermittent path, damaging a barn and a church. F1West JeffersonJefferson/WalkerAugust 1612:18 p. m.3 mile (5 km) The twister damaged two houses and knocked down power lines and trees. F1Cold SpringsCullmanAugust 1612:23 p. m.0.6 mile (1 km) Short lived tornado damaged a house and outbuildings. F1NW of SumitonWalkerAugust 1612:30 p. m.0.1 mile (0 km) Short lived tornado destroyed a mobile home. F1Birmingham areaJeffersonAugust 1612:45 p. m.0.2 mile (0 km) Short lived tornado knocked down trees, which damaged one home. F0Wheat areaCullmanAugust 1612:55 p. m.0.8 mile (1 km) Short lived tornado that moved through a wooded area. Source:National Climatic Data Center