Теңізге адам құлау жағдайында кемені бұру маневрлері

Sailing maneuver on learning of a man overboard
A man overboard rescue turn (or person overboard) is a shiphandling manoeuvre usually implemented immediately upon learning of a person having gone overboad into the sea. To bring a vessel closer to the person's location, implementations of the principles described are: the Anderson turn (or single turn), the quick turn (also known as the Q turn or the figure eight turn), the Williamson turn, and the Scharnow turn. The man overboard rescue turn is often carried out as part of regular drills on Merchant ships as a requirement of the SOLAS Convention. It was named for John Williamson, USNR, who used it in 1943 to recover a man who had fallen overboard. However, according to Uncommon Carriers by John McPhee, the maneuver was originally called the Butakov pipe and was used in the Russo Japanese War as a way of keeping guns at the same distance from an enemy. It was also used by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines to clear their sonar dead zones. The Williamson turn is most preferred maneuver by navigating officers onboard ship as it can be used in any condition of visibility and weather. Mariners to utilize one of the turn depending on the situation. Immediate Action Situation Not as quick as the single turn in an immediate action situation and take the ship further away from the casualty, but it is effective. Delayed Action Situation Mostly it will take the ship to the casualty
Person Missing Situation Recommended as it will bring the vessel to its reciprocal course. As Williamson turns can be used in any situation, it's been included in company SMS and drill matrix to conduct man overboard and Williamson turn drill every three months. A Williamson turn generally consists of 1.) Placing the rudder full over to the side of the casualty, 2.) deviating 60 degrees from the original course and then shifting the rudder full over to the opposite side, 3.) when the heading is approximately 20 degrees short of the reciprocal course, the rudder should be placed amidships and the vessel steadied up, 4.) the engines should be stopped in the water with the person alongside, well forward of the propellers.

The Scharnow turn is a manoeuvre used to bring a ship or boat back to a point it previously passed through and was developed by and named for Ulrich Scharnow. The primary advantage of the Scharnow turn is that after the turn has been completed, the vessel will be proceeding on a reciprocal course in its own wake. The Scharnow turn is most appropriate when the point to be reached is significantly further astern than the vessel's turning radius. For other situations, an Anderson turn or a Williamson turn might be more appropriate. Generally, a Scharnow turn involves 1.) placing the rudder hard over in any direction, 2.) deviating 240 degrees from the original course and then placing the rudder hard over to the opposite, 3.) when the heading is 20 degrees from the reciprocal course, the rudder should be placed amidships and engines stopped to bring the vessel alongside the casualty.