Винцас Креве-Мицкевичус: Өмір және шығармашылық жолы

Lithuanian writer, poet, novelist, playwright and philologist

Vincas Mickevičius (pl. Wincenty Mickiewicz, October 19, 1882 – July 17, 1954), better known by his pen name Vincas Krėvė Mickevičius, was a Lithuanian writer, poet, novelist, playwright and philologist. He is also known as Vincas Krėvė, the shortened name he used in the United States.

Vincas Mickevičius was born to a family of peasant farmers on October 19, 1882, in the village of Subartonys in Dzūkija ethnographic region of Lithuania. His family was called Krėvė by the local villagers, the name that he later used for his pen name. The customs and traditions of his native district were a constant source of the inspiration for his literary work. In 1898, he became a student for the Roman Catholic priesthood at the Vilnius Seminary, but in 1900 he was expelled from the seminary. In 1904, he enrolled the University of Kyiv. However, a year later, the university was temporarily closed due to the revolutionary conditions in the Russian Empire, and Krėvė Mickevičius, unwilling to interrupt his studies, entered the University of Lviv, in Galicia, which was at the time part of the Austrian Empire, and in 1908, he received his doctorate in philology. That same year, the University of Kyiv awarded him a gold medal for his thesis on the original home of the Indo Europeans. In 1913, the University of Kyiv awarded him the degree of Master of Comparative Linguistics for his dissertation on the origin of the names Buddha and Pratjekabuddha. In 1909, Krėvė Mickevičius became a high school teacher in the city of Baku, Azerbaijan. Three years later he assisted in founding the People's University of Baku, and delivered lectures there. Lithuania achieved independence in 1918, and a year later, Krėvė Mickevičius became Lithuanian Consul in Azerbaijan. In 1920, he returned to Lithuania, and settled in Kaunas, which at the time was the temporary capital. When the University of Lithuania was founded in 1922, Vincas Krėvė Mickevičius became professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures, and remained there as part of the faculty for the following two decades. His first attempts on writing came at the age fifteen, at first using Russian and Polish languages; however, after 1902, he wrote in Lithuanian. The first volume of his collected works was published in 1921, at which time he was already a well known and respected figure, serving as editor of several academic and literary periodicals. On 24 June 1940, he was appointed as Prime Minister of Lithuania by acting President Justas Paleckis. He headed the "People's Government of Lithuania", which was formed essentially as a rubber stamp for the Soviet takeover of Lithuania. On July 1, 1940, he, together with some other communists, visited Vyacheslav Molotov (Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR) and asked for full annexation of Lithuania into the USSR (this visit was later used as the pretext for that de jure annexation, although occupation and the de facto annexation happened before that). On returning, he offered his resignation, which was not accepted at the time. After the start of the Nazi occupation of Lithuania in 1941, and the closing of higher educational institutions in 1943, Krėvė Mickevičius went into hiding. Soviet forces reoccupied Lithuania in 1944, at which point he fled the country and settled in a displaced persons camp at Glasenbach, near Salzburg, Austria. There, he taught at the local camp's high school. In 1947, the University of Pennsylvania extended an invitation to join its faculty. There, he served as an assistant professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures until 1953, when he retired. On July 17, 1954, Vincas Krėvė Mickevičius died in Broomall, Pennsylvania, United States. He was considered as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

In 1997, a museum to Krėvė Mickevičius was opened in his last residence before emigration in Vilnius, Lithuania. A road in the Dainava district of Kaunas, Lithuania (Vinco Krėvės prospektas) is also named after him.