Heckler & Koch G41

The Heckler & Koch G41 is a German 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle introduced in 1981 and produced in limited quantities by Heckler & Koch. It was designed to replace the 7.62×51mm NATO chambered Heckler & Koch G3 and the G3 based .223 Remington/5.56×45mm and later 5.56×45mm NATO chambered Heckler & Koch HK33 service rifles providing a more modern weapon compatible with then recently introduced NATO standards. It can use both the then new STANAG 4172 compliant 5.56×45mm NATO SS109, SS110, and SS111 ammunition and older .223 Remington/5.56×45mm M193 ammunition and was the last Heckler & Koch service rifle designed around the roller delayed blowback mechanism. Commercially the G41 was not as successful as the preceding Heckler & Koch service rifle designs with a similar operating mechanism. It was rejected by various military trial programmes and it never won a major military production contract. Assembly of the G41 has been discontinued by Heckler & Koch; however, production rights to the rifle were acquired by the Italian arms manufacturer Luigi Franchi. The G41 bolt assembly is lighter than the HK33 bolt assembly. The redesigned bolt was paired with a new recoil spring which consisted of five wound strands around a central coil. This reduced recoil. The revised buttstock on the G41 is held in place by two pins. Unlike the earlier HK33, the G41’s pistol grip assembly is not retained by a pin at the front of the assembly behind the magazine well housing and can be removed by the user during a field strip. The spent cartridge casing extractor is installed inside the bolt head, while the tilting lever ejector is contained in the trigger housing. The rifle is hammer fired and has a trigger group with a fire control selector that enables selecting safe, semi automatic, burst and continuous fire modes. The fire selector's positions are marked with bullet pictograms and it also serves as a manual safety against unintentional discharge. The selector is ambidextrous and its lever is mirrored on both sides of the trigger housing. In the "safe" position, the trigger and sear are disabled. The G41 uses NATO STANAG magazines (from the M16 rifle) with a capacity of 30 rounds. The magazine release is located on the left side of the rifle, above the magazine well. The weapon incorporates a manual forward assist that can be used to positively close the bolt, similar to the one used on the American M16A1 rifle, and a side folding heavy gauge wire carrying handle near its point of balance which resembles that of the FN FAL. It also has a "hold open" bolt catch which holds the bolt open after the last round in the magazine has been fired (the bolt release button is just above the magazine release) and has a spring loaded polymer dust cover that seals the ejection port from debris. Despite reducing the weight of some components, the weight of the G41 exceeded the weight of the preceding shorter barreled HK33A2, making the G41 relatively heavy compared to other 5.56×45mm NATO chambered assault rifles of its era.

The cold hammer forged barrel has a hexagonal polygonal bore. It comes rifled for either the NATO standard, Belgian SS109 62 grain bullet with a twist of 178 mm (1:7 in) or in a 305 mm (1:12 in) twist for use with American .223 Remington/5.56×45mm ammunition with the M193 55 grain projectile. The barrel end of the chamber is fluted to assist in the extraction of spent cartridges.

Many accessories are based on NATO standard or previously issued items. The rifle can be fitted with a barrel mounted bipod based on the one issued with the M16A1's cleaning kit. It also uses the bayonet from the G3. It also can mount the FERO Z24 G 4×24 optical sight on a proprietary detachable bracket on the receiver and a clip on winter trigger. The G41 can also mount a detachable 40 mm HK79 grenade launcher that replaces the synthetic forearm. The weapon in this configuration is known as the G41TGS, or "Tactical Group Support".

Note: the 1:178mm (1:7 in) rifling was compatible with the European standard SS109 round and the 1:305 mm (1:12 in) rifling was compatible with the US standard M193 Ball round. G41: This is the standard model with a fixed stock and 1:178 mm (1:7 in) rifling. G41A1: This model has a fixed stock and 1:305 mm (1:12 in) rifling. G41A2: This model has a telescoping shoulder stock and 1:178 mm (1:7 in) rifling. G41A3: This model features a telescopic stock and a 1:305 mm (1:12 in) rifling pitch. G41K: This is a carbine (K—Karabiner) variant of the G41A2 with a shortened barrel (reduced in length to the base of the foresight), 1:178 mm (1:7 in) rifling twist rate and a telescopic stock. The G41K is too short to accept the HK79 or fire rifle grenades. G41TGS: The "Tactical Group Support" model adds a HK79 grenade launcher. LF G41: Luigi Franchi made a sample run of the G41, G41A2 and G41K in 1988 for possible production under license; these were later modified for trials by the Italian Army. It differed from the Heckler & Koch model in that it had a polygonal 4 groove barrel with a chromed bore. When the G41 was rejected by the German Bundeswehr in 1989, it was dropped from consideration and the improved Beretta AR70/90 was chosen instead in 1990. The LF G41 however entered use with the Italian commando frogmen (COMSUBIN). LF Mod. 641: A modified variant of the G41 also intended to replace the BM59. It lost out to the AR70/90.

: Small quantities adopted by the Grupo de Operaciones Especiales of the Argentine Air Force. : Small quantities adopted by the COMSUBIN of the Italian Navy. : Small quantities adopted by the Special Intervention Unit (Unidad Especial de Intervención; UEI) and the Spanish National Police force's GEO counter terrorist unit who employ the G41TGS. : Used by the Gendarmerie Special Operations during the 1990s, very few being used by Gendarmerie General Command conscripts.