Japanese castles in Korea

Japanese castles built in Korea during the 1592–1598 Japanese invasion of Korea

Japanese Castles in Korea (hangul=왜성; 倭城) are Japanese castles built along the southern shores of Korea during Japanese invasions of Korea between 1592 and 1598 by the Japanese military. Japanese castles in Korea can be classified into two categories: castles that were built to secure supply lines for Japanese forces moving throughout Korea, and castles that were built mainly along the southern coast of Korea to act as seats of governing power. The first category of castles were built between Busan and Seoul at intervals roughly equal to the distance an army could march in one day. The castle network was later expanded northward to Uiju. These castles were established by either reinforcing existing settlements, or were built anew if no suitable settlements existed in the area where a castle was needed. Although the locations are currently unknown, Japanese castles are also believed to have been built between Kilju and Anbyŏn in the historical Hamgyong Province. The second category of castles built along the southern coast of Korea were located in Busan, Ulsan, South Gyeongsang Province, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province). Japanese castles are thought to have been built not only on the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula but also in the inland areas, but the reality is unknown. Thirty two areas on the southern coast have already been investigated.

Na Dong wook, head of the Cultural Heritage Research Team at the Busan Museum, summarized the research results of the Japanese Fortress built during the Imjin War and the Jeongyu War. Team leader Na introduced the fact that Ulsan Japanese Fortress, which was built by 16,000 Japanese soldiers for 40 days in 1597, was a highly defensive castle, pointing out that about 30 Japanese Fortresses in Korea are being damaged by development and environmental changes. Dadaeposeong Fortress, which was rebuilt during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, did not become a Japanese fortress like Busanjinseong Fortress or Jaseong Fortress, and Dadaeposeong Fortress was excluded from the Japanese Fortress. Jisepojinseong said that the Japanese army led by Kato Kiyomasa lost the battle during the Japanese Invasion of Korea, but the Jiseopseong Fortress was later renamed Jiseposeong Fortress, but was excluded from the Japanese Fortress. The Jinju Mangjin Waeseong Fortress was built during the reign of Jeongyujae ran War and is currently a lost Waeseong Fortress in Bakmungu. There is no wooden fence near the beacon, and the estimated wall at the top was the 5th Gyeongsang Mangjin Mountain Beacon Station
The Jinju Mangjin Japanese Fortress was located in Mangjin Mountain, Juyak dong, Jinju si, Gyeongsangnam do. Meanwhile, it is estimated that the 5th Gyeongsang Mangjin Mountain Beacon Station, located 240 meters from the top, was used by the Japanese military during the Japanese Invasion of Korea. On September 21, 1598, the Mangjin Japanese Fortress in the Namgang River was burnt down and disappeared. On the other hand, the Yeongchun Japanese Fortress and Gonyang Japanese Fortress, which are not recorded in the records, were occupied by the forces of Shimazu Yoshihiro in the Battle of Sacheonseong Fortress. The next day, on September 22, 1598, Gonyang Waeseong was burned to the ground. The missing Japanese fortresses were identified as seven sites (Jungang dong, Dongsam dong (Busan), Hopo (Yangsan), Gyeonnae ryang (Geoje), Mangjin, Yeongchun (Jinju), Gonyang (Sacheon), and Dongnae (Busan) will soon be destroyed if they are not managed by the National, Government, Public Office, and Community Center.

Shows a list of Japanese castles (approximately from north to north).

In April 1592 shortly after the start of the Japanese invasions of Korea, the Japanese army that landed in Busan built a castle there to establish a supply base. In November of the same year, the Konishi army that occupied Pyongyang built the castle there, and Ukiota built the castle in Namsan. In January of the following year, the Japanese army built about 20 Waseongs on the coast of South Gyeongsang Province today from May 1593. Number Photo Revised Romanization HangulHanja Birth Congregation defense Location Administrator(organization) medical history Comments 1 Nulcha Waeseong 눌차왜성(訥次倭城) 1592s Sixth Army Mōri Terumoto(毛利輝元)Commander of the Sixth Army Kobayakawa Takakage(小早川隆景) Commander of the Sixth Army Kobayakawa Takakage(小早川隆景)Sixth Army Mōri Hidekane(毛利秀包) Tachibana Muneshige(立花宗茂) Shimazu Tadatsune(島津忠恒) Japanese army 2 Unknown 가덕도 왜성지성(加德島倭城支城) 1593s Fourth Army Takahashi Mototane(高橋元種)Sixth Army Tsukushi Hirokado(筑紫広門) Tachibana Muneshige(立花宗茂) Mōri Hidekane(毛利秀包) Tachibana Naotsugu(立花直次) Mountain 43 Seongbuk dongGangseo District, Busan BusanRepublic of Korea Gangseo District(Busan) 성북왜성 3 Seongbuk Waeseong 가덕도 성북왜성(加德島城北倭城) 1593s Commander of the Sixth Army Kobayakawa Takakage(小早川隆景) Commander in Chief of the Left Army Kobayakawa Hideaki(小早川秀包)Taziba Touko(立花統虎) Mountain 43, 53, 52. Seongbuk dongGangseo District, Busan BusanRepublic of Korea Gangseo District(Busan) See also Siege of Busan 4 Waeseong in Jukseong ri, Gijang 기장 죽성리왜성(機張 竹城里倭城, Japanese: 機張城) 1593s Commander of the 3rd Army Kuroda Nagamasa the rich of(黒田長政) Kuroda Yoshitaka(黒田孝高) Second Army Commander Katō Kiyomasa(加藤清正) 601 Jukseong ri Gijang eupGijang gun BusanRepublic of Korea Gijang gun 33,000people 죽성리왜성, 豆毛浦倭城 (2002년 발굴)부산광역시 기념물 제48호, 기장성 일본 5 Gimhae Jukdo Japanese Castle 김해 죽도왜성(金海 竹島倭城) 1593s Second Army Nabeshima Naoshige(鍋島直茂) Nabeshima Katsushige the rich of(鍋島勝茂) Second Army Nabeshima Naoshige(鍋島直茂) 787 of Member Jukrim dongGangseo District, Busan BusanRepublic of Korea Gangseo District, Busan 가락성, 죽도성, 김해왜성(2004년 발굴)부산광역시 기념물 제47호 6 Gupo Japanese Fortress 구포왜성(亀浦倭城, Japanese: カードカイ城) 1593s The firstCommander of the Sixth Army Kobayakawa Takakage(responsibility)(小早川隆景)Sixth Army Tsukushi Hirokado(筑紫 広門) Tachibana Muneshige(立花宗茂) Tachibana Naotsugu(立花直次) Mōri Hidekane(毛利秀包)SecondaryFriendship Commander Mōri Hidemoto(毛利秀元) SecondaryCommander of the 3rd Army Kuroda Nagamasa(黒田 長政) Mountain 93 Deokcheon 1 dongBuk District, Busan BusanRepublic of Korea Buk District(Busan) 5,000people 감동포성, 의성 (2002, 2004년 발굴)부산광역시 기념물 6호 카도카이성 일본九法谷의 陳. 죽도왜성의 지성 7 Nongso Waeseong 김해 농소왜성지(金海 農所倭城址) 1593s Second Army Nabeshima Naoshige the rich of(鍋島直茂) Mountain 22 5 Nongso riJuchon myeonGimhae Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Nongso Village Hall(농소마을회관) 5,000people 신답지성 (2001년 발굴), 죽도왜성의 지성2001년(경남문화재연구원) 8 Masa Waeseong 마사왜성지(馬沙倭城址) 1593s Second Army Nabeshima Naoshige the rich of(鍋島直茂) Mountain 61 2 Geumgok riHallim myeonGimhae Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Gimhae 5,000people 土城, 죽도왜성의 지성 9 Dongnae Waeseong 동래왜성(동래읍성지)(東萊倭城) 1593s lord Kikkawa Hiroie(吉川広家) First Army Commander Konishi Yukinaga(小西行長) 1 9 Chilsan dongDongnae gu BusanRepublic of Korea Dongnae gu 10 Unknown 동삼동왜성 1593s Sixth Army Mōri Terumoto(毛利輝元) 188 Dongsam dongYeongdo District BusanRepublic of Korea 추목도왜성, 영도왜성 11 Busanjinseong 부산진성(釜山鎭城, Japanese: まるやまじょう) 1593s Sixth Army Mōri Terumoto the rich of(毛利輝元)Friendship Commander Mōri Hidemoto(毛利 秀元)conducting asceticism Asano Nagamasa(浅野長政) Sixth Army Mōri Terumoto the rich of(毛利輝元) (Beomil dong) Jaseong ro 99Dong District, Busan BusanRepublic of Korea Dong District(Busan) 18,700people 소서성, 환산성, 부산왜성의 지성 12 Seosaengpo Japanese Fortress 서생포왜성(西生浦倭城) 1593s Second Army Commander Katō Kiyomasa(加藤清正) Commander of the 3rd Army Kuroda Nagamasa(黒田長政) 711 Seosaeng riSeosaeng myeon Ulju gun UlsanRepublic of Korea Ulju gun 100,000people 烽火城(2012년 발굴) 13 Imnangpo Japanese Fortress 임랑포왜성(林浪浦倭城, Japanese: せいぐわん城) 1593s Commander of the Fourth Army Mōri Katsunobu(毛利勝信)Fourth Army Shimazu Toyohisa(島津豊久) Itō Suketaka(伊東祐兵) Takahashi Mototane(高橋元種) Akizuki Tanenaga(秋月種長) Commander of the Fourth Army Mōri Katsunobu(毛利勝信)Fourth Army Shimazu Toyohisa(島津豊久) Itō Suketaka(伊東祐兵) Takahashi Mototane(高橋元種) Akizuki Tanenaga(秋月種長) Mountain 48 Imrang riJangan eup Gijang gun BusanRepublic of Korea Gijang gun 발굴조사 : 2001년(중앙문화재연구원)세이관성 일본 14 Yeongdeungpo Waeseong 영등왜성지(永登倭城址) 1592s Fourth Army Shimazu Yoshihiro the rich of(島津義弘) Mountain 6 17 Guyeong riJangmok myeonGeoje Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea外城: 34 Guyeong 2 gil Jangmok myeon Geoje 2,000people 영등포왜성, 구영등왜성 15 Songjinpo Waeseong 송진포왜성(松真浦倭城) 1593s Commander of the Fifth Army Fukushima Masanori(福島正則)Fifth Army Toda Katsutaka(戸田勝隆) Chōsokabe Motochika(長宗我部元親) Mountain 6 3 Jangmok riJangmok myeonGeoje Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Geoje 시루성(甑城) 16 Geoje Jangmunpo Castle 거제 장문포 왜성(巨濟 長門逋 倭城) 1594s 11. Commander of the Fifth Army Fukushima Masanori(福島正則)Fifth Army Hachisuka Iemasa(蜂須賀家政) Ikoma Chikamasa(生駒親正) Toda Katsutaka(戸田勝隆) Fifth Army Chōsokabe Motochika(長宗我部元親) Ikoma Chikamasa(生駒親正) 130 43 Jangmok ri Jangmok myeonGeoje Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Geoje 장목왜성 경상남도 문화재자료 제273호 17 Jama Japanese Fortress 창원 자마산성(昌原 子馬山城) 1593s First Army Sō Yoshitoshi(宗義智) 15 Mountain Seongnae dongJinhae guChangwon Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Changwon 자마왜성, 웅천왜성의 지성 18 Myeongdong Japanese Fortress 창원 명동왜성(昌原 明洞倭城) 1593s First Army Matsura Shigenobu(松浦鎮信) Sō Yoshitoshi(宗義智) 13 Mountain Myeong dongJinhae guChangwon Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Changwon 웅천왜성의 지성 19 Angol Japanese Fortress 창원 안골왜성(昌原 安骨倭城) 1593s navy Wakisaka Yasuharu(脇坂安治) Katō Yoshiaki(加藤嘉明)naval commander Kuki Yoshitaka(九鬼嘉隆) Mountain 27 etc. Angol dongJinhae guChangwon Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Changwon 경상남도 문화재자료 제275호일본 제1수군기지(왜수군 제1기지)(2009년 발굴 동양문물연구원)웅천 안골왜성(熊川 安骨倭城) 20 Ungcheon Japanese Fortress 창원 웅천왜성(昌原 熊川倭城) 1593s First Army Commander Konishi Yukinaga(小西行長)First Army→ Sō Yoshitoshi(宗義智)Daimyo Uesugi Kagekatsu(上杉景勝) 211 1 Mountain Nammun dongJinhae guChangwon Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Changwon 5,000people 경상남도 문화재자료 제79호일본 제2수군기지(왜수군 제2기지) 21 Unknown 박문구왜성 1593s 7. 6th Army Mōri Terumoto(毛利輝元) Konishi Yukinaga's subordinate(小西行長) Jungang dongJung District BusanRepublic of Korea Japanese castles in Busan (Korea) Sengoku Forum'迫門口' 22 Hopo Waeseong in Gasan ri, Yangsan 양산 가산리 호포왜성지(梁山 架山里 弧浦倭城址) 1593s Japanese army(日本軍) Mountain 52–4, 57 Gasan ri Dong myeonYangsan Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea26 Hopo ro Dong myeon Yangsan1120 6 Gasan ri Dong myeon Yangsan(Downstream of Yangsancheon Stream, Downstream of Gyeongbu Line)Gasan ri Dong myeon Yangsan1026 1, 1027–26, 1028 11Gasan ri Dong myeon Yangsan 1045 1 state ownership Hopo Castle Site (弧浦城址)Cultural Heritage Administration, 1977<General History of Cultural Heritage>

The Japanese army, which had been re invading after the peace negotiations between the Japanese and Keicho broke down, took over the castle that had been built up until now, and the Japanese navy took over the Kumakawa castle and used it as a base. At that time, the Japanese military secured the occupied land and repaired the traditional coastal area to connect with the Japanese mainland, while the line of battle expanded to Ulsan in the east and Suncheon in the west, and the castle was newly built in this area. After the collapse of the negotiations on strengthening the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, the Japanese army occupied the Japanese fortress again, and the Japanese navy occupied Ungcheon Japanese Fortress as its base. At that time, the Japanese army secured the occupied area and repaired the existing Japanese fortress along the coast to connect with the Japanese mainland, and the Japanese fortress was newly built in this area as the front line expanded to Ulsan on the east and Suncheon on the west. Number Photo Revised Romanization HangulHanja Birth Congregation defense Location Administrator(organization) medical history Comments 23 Goseong Japanese Fortress 고성읍성(固城邑城) 1597s lord Kikkawa Hiroie(吉川広家) Katsura Mototsuna(桂元網) Second Army Nabeshima Naoshige(鍋島直茂) Seongnae ri, Seooe ri, and Sumam ri Goseong eupGoseong County, South Gyeongsang Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of KoreaGoseong Waseong: 42 Seongnae ro 136beon gil. Goseong eup Goseong County 7,000people 수남리왜성, 경상남도 문화재자료 제89호 24 Unknown 견내량왜성 1597s First Army Sō Yoshitoshi(宗義智)Wakizaka YasuharuKarashima Setoguchi(辛島瀬戸口) Yanagawa Shigenobu(柳川調信) 147 1 Deokho Coastal RoadSadeung myeonGeoje Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea 왜성동왜성, 광리왜성토성(土城) 25 Namhae Castle 남해 선소왜성(南海 船所倭城) 1597s navy Wakisaka Yasuharu(脇坂安治)First Army Sō Yoshitoshi(宗義智) First Army Sō Yoshitoshi(宗義智) 149 Seonso ro Namhae eupNamhae County Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Namhae County 1,000people 경남발전연구원 역사문화센터, 2004『문화유적분포지도 남해군 』. 26 Busan Japanese Fortress 부산일본성(釜山日本城) 1598s Sixth Army Mōri Terumoto(毛利輝元)First Army Commander Konishi Yukinaga(小西行長) Commander in Chief of the Left Army Kobayakawa Hideaki(小早川秀包) Beomil dongDong District, Busan BusanRepublic of Korea Dong District(Busan) 27 Masan Japanese Fortress 마산일본성(馬山日本城) 1597s Invitation Date Masamune(伊達政宗)Second Army Nabeshima Naoshige(鍋島直茂) Nabeshima Katsushige the rich of(鍋島勝茂) (Sanho dong) 142 Yongmasan gilMasanhappo gu Changwon Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Changwon 12,000people 창원왜성, 용마성 28 Waeseong in Seonjin ri, Sacheon 사천선전리성(泗川船津里城) 1597s Commander of the Fourth Army Mōri Katsunobu(毛利勝信)Fourth Army (Left army) Shimazu Yoshihiro(島津義弘)Daimyo Ikeda Kagekatsu(毛利勝信)Seventh Army Mōri TerumotoSee also Battle of Sacheon (1598) 29 Suncheon Castle 순천왜성(順天倭城) 1597s First Army Commander (Left army) Konishi Yukinaga(spearhead)(小西行長)General and 7th Army Commander (Commander of the Left Army) Ukita Hideie(spearhead)(宇喜多秀家)navy Tōdō Takatora(spearhead)(騰堂高虎) First Army Commander (Left army) Konishi Yukinaga(小西行長)navy Tōdō Takatora(騰堂高虎) Mountain 1 beyond Sinseong ri Haeryong myeonSuncheon Jeolla ProvinceRepublic of Korea Suncheon 13,700people 왜교성, 예교성(2001, 2002, 2004년 발굴)전라남도 지방기념물 제171호(1999년 2월 26일 지정)See also Siege of Suncheon 30 Waeseong in Jeungsan ri, Yangsan 양산 증산리 왜성(勿禁 甑山里 倭城) 1597s Commander of the 3rd Army (Friendly Army) Kuroda Nagamasa(黒田長政)Daimyo Date Masamune(伊達政宗)Seventh Army Mōri Terumoto(毛利輝元)Commander in Chief of the Left Army Kobayakawa Hideaki(黒田孝高) Mountain 15 Jeungsan riMulgeum eupYangsan Gyeongsangnam doRepublic of Korea Yangsan 증산리왜성경상남도 문화재자료 제276호日帝强占期 朝鮮総督府宝物古跡名勝天然記念物昭和14年古跡指定台帳指定Japanese colonial era Treasure Historic LandClimbing Natural Monument Showa and 14 yearHistoric Site Designation Ledger) 31 Ulsan Japanese Fortress 울산왜성(蔚山倭城) 1597s 12. Second Army Commander (Friendly Army) Katō Kiyomasa(加藤清正)Eighth Army Asano Yoshinaga(construction)(淺野幸長)Friendship Commander Mōri Hidemoto(construction)(毛利秀元)Inspector and Supervisor(武士) Ota Kazuyoshi(加藤淸兵衛)Katō Yasumasa

The Japanese army, which landed in Busan shortly after the start of the Japanese invasion of Korea in April 1592, built the fortress to establish a supply base. In November of the same year, Konishi County, which occupied Pyongyang, built a dwarf planet in Pyongyang, while Ukida built a dwarf planet in Namsan, just south of Hanseong. However, the Japanese army, which began to be chased by the Cho Myong coalition forces in January of the following year, built some 20 dwarfs along the coast of what is now South Gyeongsang Province from May 1593. The Japanese army, which had invaded again after the collapse of negotiations to strengthen the Japanese invasion of Korea, occupied the previously built dwarf planet and made the Japanese army its base by occupying the Ungcheon dwarf. At that time, the Japanese military secured the occupied area and repaired the previously built coastal dwarfs for connection with the mainland Japan, while the front was extended to Ulsan on the east and Suncheon on the west. Past one's family Name Photo inauguration Death History Tae hyup, instead of Tae jeong(a shrine to various gods) Toyotomi Hideyoshi(豊臣秀吉) 1555s 1600s lunar calendar (October 1) Sengoku Daimyo, the very person, National Three Young Girls (전국 3영걸), Chikuzenokami, the fifth rank of the species (종5위), Left handed chief, Occupation status (종4위) True (참의)a third rate class (종3위) Dainagon(大納言), a regular second (정2위) the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal(內大臣), No. 1 in species (종1위) Gwanbaek (関白), instead of Tae jeong (태정대신), certificate a regular first (정1위)