Германиядағы таулы аймақ: Бергиш ландысы

Mountain range in Germany

The Bergisches Land (, Berg Country) is a low mountain range in the state of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, east of the Rhine and south of the Ruhr. The landscape is shaped by forests, meadows, rivers and creeks and contains over twenty artificial lakes. Wuppertal is the biggest town, while the southern part has economic and socio cultural ties to Cologne. Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid and Solingen form the Bergisches Städtedreieck (Berg City Triangle).

The Bergisches Land emerged from the historic Duchy of Berg. The region also owes its name to the former sovereigns, the Counts (and later Dukes) of the House of Berg [bg; de; ru; uk]. The adjectival Latin term terre Montensis, i. e. of the Bergisches Land, was first recorded in writing in a Bergisch office constitution in 1363 [de], although terra de Monte or Land von Berg appeared in earlier documents. Important places in the duchy were Gerresheim, Elberfeld, Solingen, Lennep, Radevormwald, Wipperfürth, Bensberg, Siegburg and Stadt Blankenberg, most of which received city rights from the 13th century. The seat of the counts and dukes was initially Berge Castle [de] in Altenberg near Odenthal, after the construction of Burg Castle the town of Burg an der Wupper [de] (today a district of Solingen) and then from 1386 to 1822 Düsseldorf, which the dukes became a representative residence and expanded the capital of the Duchy. The Bergisch lion [de] in Düsseldorf's coat of arms still points to the historical affiliation of Düsseldorf to the Bergisches Land. The northern parts of the Bergisches Land included the cities of Mülheim an der Ruhr, parts of Duisburg, Essen and Oberhausen (Alstaden [de; nl] and Dümpten [de; pl]), and the areas on the western border also included the area on the right bank of the Rhine, Cologne near Mülheim. Smaller areas on the left bank of the Rhine belonging to the duchy were also Wesseling, Rodenkirchen, Orr (Pulheim) [de; nl] and Langel, Köln Merkenich [de]

The former lordships of County of Gimborn [de] and Lordship of Homburg [de] in today's Oberberg district, on the other hand, were only added to the Grand Duchy of Berg during Napoleon's time. This originally non Bergisch area includes Marienheide, Wiehl, Nümbrecht, the town of Bergneustadt and today's district seat of the Oberbergischer district: Gummersbach.