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This section of the timeline of United States history concerns events from before the lead up to the American Revolution (c. 1760).

986 – Norsemen settle Greenland and Bjarni Herjólfsson sights coast of North American mainland, but doesn't land (see also Norse colonization of the Americas). c. 1000: Norse settle briefly in L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland. c. 1100 – Oraibi was founded the year of 1128 CE, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements within the United States. c. 1100 1200 – Cahokia near modern day St. Louis reaches its apex population
c. 1190 – Construction begins on the Cliff Palace by Ancestral Puebloans in modern day Colorado
c. 1325 – Tenochtitlan founded as part of the Aztec Empire
c. 1400 – Beginning of the European Age of Discovery. c. 1450: Norse colony in Greenland dies out. 1473 – João Vaz Corte Real perhaps reaches Newfoundland; writes about the "Land of Cod fish" in his journal. 1479 Treaty of Toledo ends the War of the Castilian Succession. Portugal won the exclusive right of navigating, conquering and trading in all the Atlantic Ocean south of the Canary Islands. Forcing Spain to sail west to India. before 1492 – Population estimates in the New World before European contact may be as high as 112 million people.

1602 – Bartholomew Gosnold is the first Englishman to land on the New England coast, exploring and naming Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard. 1605 – First capital of Acadia (French) was established as Port Royal in modern day Nova Scotia; it lasted until 1613. George Weymouth explores New England. 1606 – The joint stock company Virginia Company of London is founded and granted a Royal Charter by James I to settle in the New World. 1607 – Establishment of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. The short lived Popham Colony founded in Maine by the Virginia Company of Plymouth. 1608 – Founding of Quebec (Habitation de Québec) by Samuel de Champlain. 1609 – Henry Hudson explores the Hudson River and Delaware Bay for the Dutch. 1609–10 – The Starving Time at Jamestown.

1630 – Winthrop Fleet to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Manor of Rensselaerswyck founded. Boston founded. 1632 – Province of Maryland founded. 1634 – Theologian Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1636 – Connecticut Colony founded by Thomas Hooker. 1636 – Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations founded by Roger Williams. 1636 – Harvard College founded. 1637 – New Haven Colony founded. 1638 – The Free Grace Controversy ended, when Anne Hutchinson was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1638 – Roger Williams founded the First Baptist Church in America. 1638 – Pequot War ends in New England. New Sweden established around the southern Delaware River by Peter Minuit. 1639 – Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony signed. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut adopted and the Crown formally recognizes the Virginia Assembly.

1670 – Charles Town (Charleston) founded in present day South Carolina. 1671 – The Batts Fallam expedition sponsored by Abraham Wood reaches the New River (West Virginia). 1672 – Blue Laws enacted in Connecticut. 1672–73 – Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette explore the Illinois Country. 1674 – New Netherland permanently relinquished to English with Treaty of Westminster. 1675 – King Philip's War (1675–76) in New England. 1676 – Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia; Bacon writes the "Declaration of the People of Virginia". 1677 – Colonists in North Carolina rebel against Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper. Edmund Andros, Governor of New York, negotiates the Covenant Chain with the Iroquois. Province of Maine absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1679 – War between the Westo and colonial South Carolina results in the destruction of the Westo. The Province of New Hampshire is created out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony by royal decree from King Charles II.

1700 – José Romo de Vivar becomes one of the earliest European (Spanish) settlers in the future state of Arizona. 1701 – The Collegiate school at Saybrook is founded in Connecticut; it will later be renamed as Yale College. Delaware Colony granted charter, separating it from Pennsylvania. 1702 – William III dies, is succeeded by Queen Anne. Queen Anne's War (War of the Spanish Succession) begins. East Jersey and West Jersey become crown colonies. Mobile, Alabama founded. 1703 – Kaskaskia, Illinois established as a small mission station for the French. 1704 – The first regular newspaper publishes its initial edition in Boston, the News Letter and was begun by John Campbell. The Province of Carolina allows the arming of the enslaved population during time of war. 1705 – The House of Burgesses passes the Virginia Slave Codes of 1705. 1706 – Benjamin Franklin born in Boston. Albuquerque founded and named for the viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque.

1710 – Francis Nicholson takes Port Royal. 1711–15 – North Carolina fights the Tuscarora War with the Tuscarora people. 1712 – New York Slave Revolt of 1712. 1713 – The Treaty of Utrecht is signed, bringing an end to Queen Anne's War; England gains Nova Scotia. 1714 – Queen Anne dies; succeeded by George I. Natchitoches established by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis, making it the oldest permanent European settlement in the modern state of Louisiana. 1715 – South Carolina begins the Yamasee War. 1718 – Mission San Antonio de Valero (The Alamo) built as the first Spanish mission along the San Antonio River. New Orleans founded by the French. Blackbeard is killed in battle by lieutenant Robert Maynard in the waters off the Province of North Carolina.

c. 1730 – For the first time, the majority of the enslaved population in Chesapeake, Virginia were born in the Americas. 1732 – The Province of Georgia is founded by General James Oglethorpe. Where slavery was prohibited. 1735 – John Peter Zenger is found innocent of libel by the New York City trial on August 4. 1737 – Benjamin Lay writes All Slave Keepers That Keep the Innocent in Bondage, Apostates. Published by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia. 1739 – The Stono Rebellion in the Province of South Carolina is crushed. 1739 40 – George Whitefield begins his travels throughout the colonies. His message of everyday Christians having a personal connection with God resonates and begins the First Great Awakening.

c. 1750 – Population of the Thirteen Colonies is roughly 1.5 million. 1750 – Thomas Walker passes through the Cumberland Gap. 1751 – The ban on slavery was lifted after 19 years in the Province of Georgia. 1752 – Benjamin Kent represented slaves in court against their masters in Massachusetts. 1754 – French and Indian War begins, which was a theater of the Seven Years' War; first engagement at the Battle of Jumonville Glen. Albany Congress, in which a "Union of Colonies" is proposed. Columbia University founded as King's College by George II Royal Charter. 1757 – Siege of Fort William Henry. 1758 – Siege of Louisbourg; Battle of Fort Frontenac; Battle of Fort Duquesne. The first black Baptist church is founded in Lunenburg, Virginia. 1759 – Quebec is taken, British victory assured in French and Indian War. See Timeline of the American Revolution for events starting from 1760.