Танзания: География, климат және су жүйелері

Tanzania comprises many lakes, national parks, and Africa's highest point, Mount Kilimanjaro Northeast Tanzania is mountainous, while the central area is part of a large plateau covered in grasslands. The country also contains the southern portion of Lake Victoria on its northern border with Uganda and Kenya. Administratively, Tanzania is divided into 31 regions, with twenty five on the mainland, three on Unguja (known informally as Zanzibar Island), and two on Pemba Island.

Eastern and central Tanzania are drained by rivers that empty into the Indian Ocean. The major rivers are, from north to south, the Pangani, Wami, Ruvu, Rufiji, Matandu, Mbwemkuru, and the Ruvuma River, which forms the southern border with Mozambique. Most of Northern Tanzania drains into Lake Victoria, which empties into the Nile River. The western portion of Tanzania is in the watershed of Lake Tanganyika, which drains into the Congo River. The Malagarasi River is the largest tributary of Lake Tanganyika. Part of southwestern Tanzania drains into Lake Malawi, which empties south into the Zambezi River. The Southern Eastern Rift area of north central Tanzania is made up of several endorheic basins, which have no outlet to the sea and drain into salt and/or alkaline lakes. Lake Rukwa in west central Tanzania, is another endorheic basin.

Tanzania has a mainly tropical climate but has regional variations due to topography. In the highlands, temperatures range between during cold and hot seasons respectively and a subtropical highland climate is found. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than The hottest period extends between November and February while the coldest period occurs between May and August
Seasonal rainfall is driven mainly by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It migrates southwards through Tanzania in October to December, reaching the south of the country in January and February, and returning northwards in March, April, and May. This causes the north and east of Tanzania to experience two distinct wet periods – the short rains (or "Vuli") in October to December and the long rains (or "Masika") from March to May – while the southern, western, and central parts of the country experience one wet season that continues October through to April or May.