1301-1400 жылдар: Әлем тарихындағы құбылмалы оқиғалар

One hundred years, from 1301 to 1400

The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conqueror. Scholars estimate that Timur's military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population at the time. Synchronously, the Timurid Renaissance emerged. In the Arab world, historian and political scientist Ibn Khaldun and explorer Ibn Battuta made significant contributions. In India, the Bengal Sultanate separated from the Delhi Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world. The sultanate was described by the Europeans as the richest country to trade with. The Mongol court was driven out of China and retreated to Mongolia, the Ilkhanate collapsed, the Chaghatayid dissolved and broke into two parts, and the Golden Horde lost its position as a great power in Eastern Europe. In Africa, the wealthy Mali Empire, a huge producer of gold, reached its territorial and economic height under the reign of Mansa Musa I of Mali, the wealthiest individual of medieval times, and perhaps the wealthiest ever. In the Americas, the Mexica founded the city of Tenochtitlan, while the Mississippian mound city of Cahokia was abandoned.

[[File:Catalan Atlas BNF Sheet 6 Mansa Musa. jpg|thumb|Mansa Musa I of Mali, described as the wealthiest individual in history
1309–1377: The Avignon papacy transfers the seat of the Popes from Italy to France.

The Great Famine of 1315–1317 kills millions of people in Europe. 1318–1330: An Italian Franciscan friar, Mattiussi, visited Sumatra, Java, and Banjarmasin in Borneo. In his record he described the kingdom of Majapahit.

thumb|The successor states of the Mongol Empire in 1335: the Ilkhanate, Golden Horde, Yuan dynasty and Chagatai Khanate. 1335: The death of the Ilkhan Abu Said causes the disintegration of the Mongol rule in Persia. 1336: The Vijayanagara Empire is founded in South India by Harihara I. 1337: The Hundred Years' War begins when Edward III of England lays claim to the French throne.

1343–1345: In Saint George's Night Uprising, pagan Estonians launch a last large scale attempt to rid themselves of the non indigenous Christian religion. 1345–1346: The French recruit troops and ships in Genoa, Monaco, and Nice. 1346: English forces led by Edward III defeat a French army led by Philip VI of France in The Battle of Crécy, a major point in the Hundred Years' War which marks the rise of the longbow as a dominant weapon in Western Europe. 1346: King Valdemar IV of Denmark sells the Duchy of Estonia to the Teutonic Order. 1347–1351: The Black Death kills around a third of the population of Europe. 1347: Adityawarman moved the capital of Dharmasraya and established the kingdom of Malayupura in Pagarruyung, West Sumatra. 1348: The 6.9 magnitude 1348 Friuli earthquake centered in Northern Italy was felt across Europe. Contemporaries linked the quake with the Black Death and Great Famine, fueling fears that the Biblical Apocalypse had arrived.

1350: Ramathibodi I establishes the Ayutthaya Kingdom. 1350: Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara, succeeds Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi as ruler of Majapahit; his reign is considered the empire's 'Golden Age'.

1363: The Battle of Lake Poyang, a naval conflict between Chinese rebel groups led by Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang, takes place from August to October, constituting one of the largest naval battles in history. 1365: The Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama is written. Singapore emerges for the first time as an important fortified city and trading centre. Islam reaches Terengganu, on the Malay Peninsula as evidence by the Terengganu Inscription Stone. The Hausa found several city states in the south of modern Niger. Work begins on the Great Enclosure at Great Zimbabwe, built of non cemented, dressed stone. Research suggests the city's population to be between less than 10,000 to 18,000 at its peak.