Жұқа мұрынды қызылқұйрық (Numenius tenuirostris) туралы

Species of bird

The slender billed curlew (Numenius tenuirostris) is a bird in the wader family Scolopacidae. Isotope analysis suggests the majority of the former population bred in the Kazakh Steppe despite a record from the Siberian swamps, and was migratory, formerly wintering in shallow freshwater habitats around the Mediterranean. This species has occurred as a vagrant in western Europe, the Canary Islands, the Azores, Oman, Canada, and Japan. The slender billed curlew was always a rare species and is feared extinct, with the last verifiable sighting being in 2004.

The slender billed curlew is a small curlew, in length with a wingspan. It is therefore about the same size as a Eurasian whimbrel, but it is more like the Eurasian curlew in plumage. The breeding adult is mainly greyish brown above, with a whitish rump and lower back. The underparts are whitish, heavily streaked with dark brown. The flanks have round or heart shaped spots. The non breeding plumage is similar, but with fewer flank spots. Male and female are alike in plumage, but females are longer billed than males, an adaptation in curlew species that eliminates direct competition for food between the sexes. The juvenile plumage is very similar to the adult, but the flank are marked with brown streaking, the heart shaped spots only appearing toward the end of the first winter. Compared to the Eurasian curlew, the slender billed curlew is whiter on the breast, tail, and underwing, and the bill is shorter, more slender, and slightly straighter at the base. The arrowhead shaped flank spots of the Eurasian curlew also are different from the round or heart shaped spots of the adults slender billed. The head pattern, with a dark cap and whitish supercilium, recalls that of the whimbrel, but that species also has a central crown stripe and a more clearly marked pattern overall; the pattern of the slender billed curlew would be hard to make out in the field. This species shows more white than other curlews; however, the white underwing has been stressed too much as a relevant identification criteria along with the distinctive flank markings of adults (not helpful in juvenile and 1st year bird before post juvenile moult). The most recent and most updated identification's paper, reports as clinching characters the uniformly dark underside of 4 to 6 outer primaries (the wing tip or "hand"), the black (adults) or anyway daker (juvenile and 1st y bird) legs, and the white tail with fewer dark bars (Corso et al., 2014).

The call is a cour lee, similar to that of the Eurasian curlew, but higher pitched, more melodic, and shorter. The alarm call is a fast cu ee.

The slender billed curlew was only known to breed in a small region north of Omsk, Russia in a period between 1909 and 1925. In recent history, it mostly migrated to the Mediterranean as well as southern Arabia, with claims in the northern reaches of the Persian gulf, in Kuwait and Iraq. There have been historical records of the bird elsewhere, as in an ornithological dictionary of Gibraltar, written in 1895, it indirectly states that the slender billed curlew was recorded as a passage migrant in Malaga, Spain.

Little is known about the breeding biology, but on average the few nests observed had four eggs. Slender billed curlews feed by using their bills to probe soft mud for small invertebrates, but will also pick other small items off the surface if the opportunity arises. It used to be highly gregarious outside the breeding season, associating with related species, particularly Eurasian curlews.

Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John & Prater, Tony (1986). Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Svensson, Lars; Zetterström, Dan; Mullarney, Killian & Grant, P. J. (1999). Collins bird guide. Harper & Collins, London. Corso, Andrea; Jansen, Justin; Kokay, Szabolcs (2014). "A review of the identification criteria and variability of the Slender billed Curlew." British Bird 107: 339–370. https://www. researchgate. net/publication/269160426 A review of the identification criteria and variability of the Slender billed Curlew