Харли-стрит: Лондонның медицина орталығы және тарихы

Street in Marylebone, London

Harley Street is a street in Marylebone, Central London, named after Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer. Since the 19th century it has housed a large number of private specialists in medicine and surgery.

Since the 19th century, the number of doctors, hospitals, and medical organisations in and around Harley Street has greatly increased. Records show that there were around 20 doctors in 1860, 80 by 1900, and almost 200 by 1914. When the National Health Service was established in 1948, there were around 1,500. Today, there are more than 3,000 people employed in the Harley Street area, in clinics, medical and paramedical practices, and hospitals. The nearest London Underground stations are Regent's Park, Great Portland Street and Oxford Circus.

Harley Street is part of the Howard de Walden Estate.

Many famous people have lived or practised in Harley Street, including the Victorian Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, the artist J. M. W. Turner, and the speech therapist Lionel Logue. Queen's College, founded in 1848 and one of the oldest girls' schools in England, is situated on Harley Street. Sir William Beechey (Portrait painter) lived at No.13. George Frederick Bodley (Greek Revival Architect) lived at No.109 from 1862 to 1873. Blue Plaque. Mary Everest Boole, self taught mathematician, and widow of George Boole, lived at No.68 in 1865 following the death of her husband. Wilkie Collins, author of The Woman in White and The Moonstone, lived at No. 12 (later renumbered No. 26) with Caroline Graves from 1860 to 1864. Sir Grantly Dick Read (Obstetrician) lived and had his practice at No.25. Green Plaque. Sir Stewart Duke Elder (Ophthalmologist) lived & worked at No.63. Blue Plaque. Sir James Galloway (1862–1922), dermatologist, practised at No. 54
Harriet Harman MP KC, Labour politician, born at 108 Harley Street. William Henry Giles Kingston, Victorian author of boys' adventure novels, was born on Harley Street, 28 February 1814. John Langdon Down moved in 1881 with his medical practice from 47 Welbeck Street to 81 Harley Street. Lionel Logue (Speech therapist), from Australia, had his practice at No.146. He helped King George VI overcome his stammer with lessons here. There is a Green Plaque. Sir Charles Lyell (lawyer, author and geologist). Lived at No.11 (which is now No.73). Sir Morell Mackenzie, the 'Father of British Laryngology' lived in 19, Harley Street till his death. Involved in the great controversy while treating the German Crown Prince Fredrick III, the Son in law of Her Majesty Queen Victoria for his laryngeal disease, allegedly cancer of the left vocal cord which led to the demise of the Emperor in 1888. Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh (British Politician, Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer) lived at No.86. Sir Harold Ridley (Pioneering Ophthalmologist). Lived at No.53. Sir Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington , had his first London residence in Harley Street. Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Moran, who was Winston Churchill's personal physician, had a private practice at No. 29 during the 1920s and 1930s. Isabel Thorne member of the Edinburgh Seven lived at 148, Harley Street, London. Mary Scharlieb, Dame and pioneer woman doctor had a medical practice and lived at 149 Harley Street, London.

In Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility (1813), the Dashwood sisters, Lucy Steele, Mrs Jennings, Edward Ferrars, and others spend some of their free time there while in London. In Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South (Gaskell novel) (1854 55), Margaret Hale lived with her aunt Mrs. Shaw and cousin Edith in a house on Harley Street for nine years, before she moved with her parents to the fictional northern town of Milton. In Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway (1925), medical professional Sir William Bradshaw lives on Harley Street. P. G. Wodehouse's Sir Roderick Glossop, the “nerve specialist", was said to maintain a practice on Harley Street. Dr. Janet of Harley Street is a novel about a woman doctor published in 1894 by Dr. Arabella Kenealy. In Agatha Christie’s The Secret of Chimneys (1925), Lord Caterham ruefully mentions that his doctor advised him to “avoid all worry. So easy for a man sitting in his consulting room in Harley Street to say that.” Earlier in the book, a surgeon in Harley Street is mentioned among names listed in a phone book. Agatha Christie's Death in the Clouds (1935), ‘’The Hollow’’ (1946), and And Then There Were None (1939) include characters who are Harley Street physicians. In Agatha Christie's Crooked House (1949), Edith de Haviland visits Harley Street. In Henry James' "The Turn of the Screw" (1898), the wealthy uncle at the beginning of the work apparently has a house on Harley Street. In the movie The Revenge of Frankenstein, Dr Victor Frankenstein aka Dr Franck after his brain transplant begins his medical practice on Harley Street W.

In John Banville's The Untouchable, Victor Maskell visits his doctor and is told "I should have thought you had died already, in a way." which is "not the kind of thing you expect to hear from a Harley Street consultant, is it." In Eoin Colfer's novel Artemis Fowl and the Eternity Code, the title character rents a cryogenic pod from a facility off Harley Street. In Downton Abbey (2011), a fictional obstetrician with a practice on Harley Street Sir Philip Tapsell is hired by Lord Grantham to deliver the baby of his daughter Lady Sybil. When another physician Dr. Clarkson notices signs of preeclampsia, Sir Tapsell and Lord Grantham ignore his warnings and suggestion to perform a Caesarean section. When Lady Sybil dies of eclampsia, Lady Grantham blames her husband for valuing Sir Philip Tapsell's reputation over Dr. Clarkson warnings stating, "And you believed him, when Dr. Clarkson knew Sybil's history and he did not. You believed Tapsell, because he's knighted and fashionable and has a practice in Harley Street. You let all that nonsense weight against saving our daughter's life!" In Hilary Mantel's short story Harley Street (2014), from her bundle The Assassination of Margaret Thatcher, features the street and its many doctors offering services to rich clientele, to the backdrop of a vampire story. Each of the doctors have been given funny names to represent their expertise. "When the doctors scuffed in and out, I could hear their Lobbs scraping the carpets. I could hear Gland's wheezing and puffing; the snarls of her patients, and the sobs of the patients of Smear, as he pushed in with his cold speculum, while Mrs Bathurst stood by. I heard the whine and grind of Snapper's drill, and the chink of steel instruments against steel dishes." In Richard Osman's The Bullet That Missed (2022): "Now the door opens, and Fiona Clemence pops her head around it. That auburn hair, so famous from the shampoo adverts, the full smile, so famous from the toothpaste adverts, and the cheekbones honed by genetics and Harley Street."