Фоккер F28: 1967-1987 жылдарғы ұшақ құрастыру өндірісі

Short range jet airliner produced 1967 1987

The Fokker F28 Fellowship is a twin engined, short range jet airliner designed and built by Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. Following the Fokker F27 Friendship, an early and commercially successful turboprop powered regional airliner, Fokker decided to embark on developing a new turbojet powered commuter aircraft that would build upon its experiences with the F27. During the design phase, a high level of attention was paid to market research and operator concerns; amongst other changes made, the prospective jetliner was increased in size, changing its maximum seating capacity from 50 to 65 passengers. During April 1962, Fokker announced the formal launch of the F28 Fellowship. On 9 May 1967, the prototype F28 1000 conducted its maiden flight. Type certification was achieved on 24 February 1969, and the first revenue earning flight by Braathens was performed on 28 March 1969. Following its entry to service, Fokker developed multiple variants of the F28; one model, the F28 2000, featured an extended fuselage that could accommodate up to 79 passengers. A major revision was the F28 4000, which was powered by quieter Rolls Royce Spey 555 15H engines, a redesigned cockpit, and a modified wing, and had a further increased seating capacity up to 85 passengers. During 1987, production of the type was terminated in favour of two newer derivatives, the Fokker 70 and the larger Fokker 100.

By 1960, Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker was engaged in multiple programmes; these included military aircraft such as the Bréguet Br.1150 Atlantic and the Lockheed F 104 Starfighter, as well as the commercially successful turboprop powered F27 Friendship airliner. In response, Fokker took an interest in developing its own turbojet powered short haul airliner. According to aviation publication Flying, Fokker's prospective jetliner design was heavily shaped by feedback and experiences from its existing customers of the F27, particularly those in the crucial North American market. As such, American design methodologies and preferences were incorporated, reportedly emphasising simplicity, as well as efforts to minimise both language and trade barriers. During April 1962, Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker announced the launch of the F28 Fellowship. The programme was a collaborative effort conducted between a number of European companies, namely Fokker itself, West German aerospace companies Messerschmitt Bölkow Blohm (MBB) and VFW Fokker, and Short Brothers of Northern Ireland. Substantial government funding was also invested in the project; reportedly, the Dutch government provided 50% of Fokker's stake, while the West German government contributed 60% of the overall 35% German stake. Fokker had also approached several other aviation companies with offers of involvement, including France's Sud Aviation and Britain's Hawker Siddeley. Initial design work centered on an aircraft capable of transport a maximum of 50 passengers across distances up to 1,650 km (1,025 mi), the design was later modified so that it could accommodate up to 65 seats in a five abreast configuration, noticeably increasing its maximum takeoff weight, on the basis of market research. The enlarged aircraft was roughly comparable in capacity to that of the British Vickers Viscount, a successful turboprop airliner. At one stage of development, Fokker had reportedly intended for the F28 to be powered by a pair of Bristol Siddeley BS.75 turbofans. However, when Fokker wanted to open contract negotiations, Bristol Siddeley told them that engine was no longer available as the market was too small when they lost the BAC 1 11 project. Rival British engine manufacturer Rolls Royce, put forward their Rolls Royce Spey Junior, a simplified version of the Rolls Royce Spey. From the first prototype onwards the type would be exclusively powered by various models of the Spey engine. The responsibility for both design and production of the F28 was divided between the partner companies. Fokker designed and built the nose section, centre fuselage, and inner wing; MBB/Fokker VFW constructed the forward fuselage, rear fuselage, and tail assembly; while Shorts designed and produced the outer wings. The F28 1000 prototype, registered PH JHG, first flew on 9 May 1967, flown by Chief Test Pilot Jas Moll, Test Pilot Abe van der Schraaf, and Flight Engineer Cees Dik. Type certification from West German authorities was achieved on 24 February 1969, clearing the F28 to enter revenue service. While the first order for the type had been placed by German airline LTU, the first revenue earning flight was conducted by Braathens, which eventually operated a fleet of five F28s, on 28 March 1969. The structure, which features a fail safe design, is constructed using the same bonding techniques previously pioneered for the F27. F.28 Mk 3000 (F28 3000)
A Mark 1000 with a wingspan extension, it was approved on 19 July 1978, with a 3000C variant with a large main deck cargo door. F.28 Mk 6600 (F28 6600) Proposed version, not built Project cancelled.

By 2019, no Fokker F28 aircraft remained in civil service. Fly SAX was the last airline operator of the F28 worldwide with the last aircraft in service stored in September 2019 due to lack of flight crew. Garuda Indonesia had the most F28s, with 62 of the aircraft in the former fleet. All have since been retired. Major operators included:Time Air/Canadian Regional (35 second and third hand) MacRobertson Miller Airlines, Ansett Group Australia (more than 15), Toumaï Air Tchad (1), AirQuarius Aviation (3), SkyLink Arabia (1), Satena (1), Gatari Air Service (2), LADE (1), AirQuarius Aviation (4), Merpati Nusantara Airlines (1), and Biman Bangladesh Airlines (4). Some 22 airlines operated smaller numbers of the type. The F28s of Ansett Transport Industries' intrastate airline, MacRobertson Miller Airlines of Western Australia, flew the longest nonstop F28 route in the world, from Perth to Kununurra, in Western Australia – a distance of about 2,240 km (1,392 mi). This was also the world's longest twin jet route at the time. MMA's F28's also had the highest use rates at the time, flying over 8 hours per day.

Variant 1000 4000 Seating 65 79 85 65 Hold 459 cu. ft / 13m³ 559 cu. ft / 15.9m³ 459 cu. ft / 13 m³ Length 89 ft 10in /27.4m 97 ft 2in / 29.6m 89 ft 10.7in / 27.4m Height 27 ft 9.5in / 8.47m Wingspan 77 ft 4in / 23.6m 82 ft 3in / 25.07m Wing 822 ft² / 76.4m², 16° sweep, :1 AR 850 ft² / 79m², 16° sweep, :1 AR Max takeoff weight 65,000 lb / 29,480 kg 73,000 lb / 33,110 kg Empty weight 35,517 lb / 16,144 kg 36,953 / 16,707 kg 38,825 lb / 17,611 kg 37,139 lb / 16,846 kg Max payload 18,983 / 8,629 kg 17,547 / 7,976 kg 23,317 lb / 10,556 kg 19,003 lb / 8,620 kg Max Fuel 2,869 Imp Gal / 13,040 l 2× Turbofans Rolls Royce Spey Mk 555 15 Rolls Royce Spey Mk 555 15H Unit thrust 9,850 lbf / 43.9 kN Cruise 458kn / 848 km/h Max, 359kn / 666 km/h LR 436kn / 808 km/h Max, 354kn / 656 km/h LR Fuel Consumption 6,180 lb/h / 2,800 kg/h Max, 3,260 lb/h / 1,480 kg/h LR 4,980 lb/h / 2,260 kg/h Max, 3,252 lb/h / 1,475 kg/h LR Max PL Range 920nmi / 1,705 km 900nmi / 1,668 km 1,550nmi / 2,872 km Takeoff (MTOW, ISA, SL) 5,500 ft / 1,676m Landing (MLW, SL) 3,540 ft / 1,079m 3,495 ft /1,065m 3,173 ft / 967m Service ceiling 10668.00 m