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Group of Old World monkeys and apes
Automatic taxobox
| name = Catarrhines
| fossil range =
| image = Macaca arctoides. png
| image caption = Stump tailed macaques
| image2 = Schimpanse, Pan troglodytes 3. JPG
| image2 caption = Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Walter Zoo, Gossau, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| taxon = Catarrhini
| authority = É. Geoffroy, 1812 Its sister in the infraorder Simiiformes is the parvorder Platyrrhini (New World monkeys). That apes are monkeys was already realized by Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in the 18th century. The Catarrhini are all native to Africa and Asia. Members of this parvorder are called catarrhines. The Catarrhini are the sister group to the New World monkeys, the Platyrrhini. Some six million years before the ape Cercopithecoidea bifurcation, the Platyrrhini emerged within "monkeys" by migration to South America from Afro Arabia (the Old World), likely by ocean.

The technical distinction between the New World platyrrhines and Old World catarrhines is the shape of their noses. The platyrrhines (from Ancient Greek platy , "flat", and rhin , "nose") have nostrils which face sideways. The catarrhines (from Ancient Greek katà , "down", and rhin , "nose") have nostrils that face downwards. Catarrhines also never have prehensile tails, and have flat fingernails and toenails, a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not 12, premolars, giving them a dental formula of , and have grasping hands and (with the exception of bipedal humans) grasping feet. The apes – in both traditional and phylogenic nomenclature – are exclusively catarrhine species. In traditional usage, ape describes any tailless, larger, and more typically ground dwelling species of catarrhine. "Ape" may be found as part of the common name of such species, such as the Barbary ape. In phylogenic usage, the term ape applies only to the superfamily Hominoidea. This grouping comprises the two families: Hylobatidae, the lesser apes or gibbons; and Hominidae, the great apes, including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, humans, and related extinct genera, such as the prehuman australopithecines and the giant orangutan relative Gigantopithecus.

Below is a cladogram with extinct species in which the crown Catharrhini, which emerged in the Propliopithecoidea. Also, Saadanioidea is sister of the Cercopithecoidea rather than of the Crown Catarrhini here. It is indicated how many million years ago (Mya) the clades diverged into newer clades. The Platyrrhini may have emerged in e. g. the Oligopithecidae. The Saadanioidea may be sister to the Propliopithecoidea s. s., and Micropithecus may be sister to the Taqah Propliopithecids.