Брэднинч қаласы: Тарих және географиясы

Town in Devon, England

Bradninch is a small town, civil parish and manor in Devon, England, lying about south of Cullompton. Much of the surrounding farmland belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall. There is an electoral ward with the same name, which since May 2023 comprises the entire parish. The population was 2,165 in 2021. The town is twinned with Landunvez in Brittany.

The place name 'Bradninch' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as 'Bradenese'; the name is thought to mean 'broad oak' or 'broad ash'. Seventy nine different spellings of the name of the town have been recorded.

Bradninch dates back to before the 7th century and at some time there was almost certainly a Norman or Anglo Saxon fortress on Castle Hill. There are no physical remains, and no known primary documentary references, but the likely site was surrounded by a number of 'castle' field names on the tithe map. It would have been unusual for Bradninch not to have had a castle given its status in the medieval period.

Bradninch was the caput of the feudal barony of Bradninch granted by William the Conqueror (1066–1087) to William Capra, who is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as holding this manor. The barony escheated to the crown and King Henry I (1100–1135) granted it to William I de Tracy (d. circa 1136). He left one daughter and sole heiress Grace de Tracy who married John de Sudeley, They had two children: Ralph de Sudeley (d. 1192), the eldest, who became his father's heir, and Sir William II "de Tracy" (d. post 1172), who inherited his mother's barony of Bradninch and assumed her family name in lieu of his patronymic. although the feudal element of the holding was effectively extinguished at about the same time by the Tenures Abolition Act 1660. William, Prince of Wales as the present Duke of Cornwall, remains the nominal lord of the manor of Bradninch, and the theoretical feudal baron of Bradninch, and the Duchy of Cornwall continues to own much of the land within the parish.

The town was largely destroyed in a fire in 1666 (the same year as the Great Fire of London). Bradninch lost its borough status in 1886 under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act. The property of the corporation, including Bradninch Guildhall, has since been vested in the Bradninch Town Trust, which is a separate organisation to the town council, though four of its nine trustees are appointed by the town council.

Notable buildings in the town include Bradninch Guildhall (on which the Bradninch Eagle is depicted), The Castle (public house), the Manor House, Earlsland House, Comfort House, and the parish church. A large part of the town is covered by a conservation area, first designated in 1973.

The 15th century church is dedicated to St Disen (a unique dedication in the British Isles) who is considered to have been an Irish missionary saint. Previously this church was dedicated to St Denis or St Dionysius. Some confusion has arisen with some believing the attribution to St Disen to have been a romantic invention of one of the 19th century vicars of the parish, Rev. Mr. Croslegh. The church possesses a finely decorated screen; in the panels at the screen's base are nearly 50 paintings of saints and biblical scenes. Another screen in the church is simpler, with panels of various saints, including an unusual one of St Francis of Assisi receiving the stigmata.

The parish is divided between two wards, called Town and Rural, which respectively elect 11 and 1 councillors to the town council. Town ward includes Hele. The town council comprises all 12 parish councillors, one of which is elected by the council to be the town mayor, and there is also an appointed town clerk. The entire parish of Bradninch lies within the Cullompton & Bradninch electoral division of Devon County Council. Since its creation at the 2010 general election, Central Devon has returned a Conservative Member of Parliament, Mel Stride; Town ward falls within this constituency of Central Devon, whilst the Rural ward falls within the constituency of Tiverton and Honiton. The census recorded the population of Town ward as 2,002
The 2013 population estimate for the parish was 2,366. In 1887, according to John Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles, the population was 1,705. In 1851 the population was 1,834.

To the east of the town runs the Culm Valley, along which the M5 motorway and the Bristol–Exeter railway line pass. The town used to be served by the Hele & Bradninch railway station at Hele, located on that line, which is now closed. Today, the nearest railway stations – all approximately 9 miles distant – are Tiverton Parkway, which is on Great Western Railway's London Paddington to Penzance route, and Pinhoe, Cranbrook and Whimple, all of which are on South Western Railway's London Waterloo to Exeter St Davids route. Stagecoach South West bus route 1 provides a regular public transport service to and through the town, and connects Bradninch with Exeter, Cullompton, Uffculme and Tiverton.

The best known book about the town is by Charles Croslegh. He became vicar of Bradninch in 1897 and wrote a 360 page history of the town entitled "Bradninch, being a short historical sketch of the honor, the manor, the borough, and liberties, and the parish". Other books have been written about the history of Bradninch and Hele by Anthony Taylor and by Paddy Nash.

The Bradninch 'eagle' seal – an eagle displayed sable on a shield argent – was given to the burgesses of the town in about 1120 by the illegitimate son of Henry I, Arthur Reginald (Earl of Cornwall and Lord of Bradninch), when, by his letters patent, he incorporated the town and borough of Bradninch.

Bradninch, although not the last, was one of the last towns in England to punish someone by placing them in stocks. On 2 November 1866 Cornelius Pippet, a cooper was convicted of drunkenness and placed in stocks for 6 hours. The stocks are part of the town's historical memorabilia kept in Bradninch Guildhall. It was in Bradninch, in 1702, that George Boone III, grandfather of the American pioneer Daniel Boone, joined the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).