Мексика Сенаты: Құрамы, тарихы және сайлау жүйесі

Upper house of the legislature of Mexico

The Senate of the Republic, (lang es) constitutionally Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (lang es), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six year terms.

Bicameral legislature, including the Senate, was established on 4 October 1824. The Senate was abolished on 7 September 1857 and re established on 13 November 1874. Under the regime of Porfirio Díaz or the Porfiriato, many seats were given to elites and wealthy people loyal to the regime. During the Mexican Revolution, notably during the brief Madero presidency, the Senate was left intact with Porfirian sympathizers and blocked the president's attempts to pass reforms for the Revolution.

PartyConstituencyProportionalTotalseats+/–Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats National Regeneration Movement21,261,57737.5042 1355New National Action Party9,971,80417.5917 623–15 Institutional Revolutionary Party9,013,65815.907 613–44 Party of the Democratic Revolution2,984,8615.276 28–15 Citizens' Movement2,654,4524.685 27+6 Ecologist Green Party2,528,1754.465 27+3 Labor Party2,164,4423.825 16+2 Social Encounter Party1,320,5592.338 08New New Alliance Party1,307,0152.311 010 Independents1,109,1491.960–––00 Write ins31,8200.06– –––Invalid/blank votes2,344,3574.14– –––Total56,691,86910096 100321280Registered voters/turnout89,994,03963.52–89,994,039 –––Source: INE

In Spanish, it is conventional to refer to each Legislature of the Senate by the Roman numeral of its term. The current session (whose term lasts from 2021 to 2024) is known as the LXV Legislatura (65th Legislature). Senators are elected to serve during two legislatures of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies. Thus, current senators (who were elected in the general election of 1 July 2018) serve during the 64th and 65th Legislatures of the Chamber of Deputies.

A senator holds office for a period of six years for which they were elected (from 1 September of the year of its election to 31 August six years later), divided into two legislatures of three years each. From 1 September 2015 LXIII Legislature was installed, which ended its term on 31 August 2018. Senators were elected to office in the 2012 elections for a period of six years and were at their posts from 1 September of that year, therefore they held office from the LXII Legislature to LXIII Legislature.

Senators are elected for a period of six years, corresponding to two legislatures and can be reelected ojos one time for the immediate period. They are elected by direct popular suffrage and secret ballot in every state of the republic. Each political party registers a list with two formulas of candidates, consisting of two owners and their alternates: the number 1 of the formula First Formula is denominated to him, and 2, Second Formula. The formula of candidates obtaining the highest number of votes is elected complete, becoming the first two senators of the entity; the third Senate seat is awarded to the candidate of First Formula of the political party that won second place of votes or first minority. There are also 32 senators elected by proportional representation. For this election, each political party registers a list of 32 candidates, and these are allocated by proportional representation according to the number of votes obtained by each political party in the national election.

For the office of legislative affairs, senators integrate into commissions that are dedicated to a particular issue. The most important committees are those of interior, constitutional issues, defense, finance, and justice. Each senator belongs to at least three different commissions, and each committee elects a chairman and two to five secretaries (according to the commission) to coordinate their work.

The two chambers of the General Congress divided its exercise into two ordinary sessions, the first from 1 September to 15 December and the second from 1 February to 30 April, it should be required may convene special sessions to dispatch urgent or pertinent matters. The time between the regular sessions known as Recesses. There are two recesses that run from 16 December to 31 January and 1 May to 31 August. During breaks, the Permanent Commission of the Congress is installed and serves as the depository of the legislature; It is composed of 37 members, of which 19 deputies and 18 senators are appointed by their respective chambers the day before the closing of the regular sessions. The sessions of the Standing Committee are held in the Senate during the first recess and the House of Representatives in the second recess.