Тахар: История и Современность Провинции Афганистана

Province of Afghanistan
the province in Afghanistan

Between the early 16th century and the mid 18th century, the territory was ruled by the Khanate of Bukhara. It was given to Ahmad Shah Durrani by Murad Beg of Bukhara after a treaty of friendship was reached in or about 1750, and became part of the Durrani Empire. It was ruled by the Durranis followed by the Barakzai dynasty and was untouched by the British during the three Anglo Afghan wars that were fought in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

It was established in 1964 when Qataghan Province was divided into three provinces: Baghlan, Kunduz and Takhar. During the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War, the area fell under the influence of Rabbani and Ahmad Shah Massoud. It was controlled by the Northern Alliance in the 1990s. It experienced some fighting between the Northern Alliance and the Taliban forces. Takhar holds notoriety as the location where Mujahideen Commander Ahmad Shah Massoud was assassinated on 9 September 2001 by suspected al Qaeda agents.

Following the September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, and amidst the United States' intervention, General Mohamad Daud and General Shajahan Noori, both widely recognized figures, played instrumental roles in leading the Afghanistan government forces to reclaim control of the northeastern province from the Taliban. International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) took over security responsibility of the area in the early 2000s, which was led by Germany. The province also began to see some developments and the establishment of Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). In a small incident in July 2008, the Afghan National Police killed Mullah Usman when several armed Taliban militants under his command raided a police checkpoint in the Kalafgan district. This was the first time since the fall of Taliban regime in 2001 that the Taliban insurgents engaged police in this province. Mullah Usman was the most senior Taliban commander in the northeast region of Afghanistan, according to the Afghan Interior Ministry. In May 2009, Taliban insurgents fighting Afghan government attacked the Baharak district in Takhar province. A bomb attack on 28 May 2011 killed General Shahjahan Noori, Mohammed Daud Daud and injured Governor Taqwa. Several German soldiers and Afghans were also killed. In April 2012, the water supply at the Rostaq district's school for girls was poisoned by unknown insurgents, sickening at least 140 Afghan schoolgirls and teachers ranging in age from 14 to 30, causing them to be hospitalized and some to partially lose consciousness, though there were no deaths as a result of the incident. During the 2021 Taliban offensive, Takhar Province experienced attacks as the withdrawal of US troops took place. In response, Mohibullah Noori emerged as a prominent figure, leading the second resistance to support security forces and prevent the Taliban from taking control of Taluqan city. Despite the Taliban eventually gaining control of the province on August 8, 2021, the Resistance Forces have remained present in the area.

On 26 October, the 7.5 Mw Hindu Kush earthquake shook northern Afghanistan with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). This earthquake destroyed almost 30,000 homes, left several hundred dead, and more than 1,700 injured.

As of 2021, the total population of the province is about 1,113,173 which is mostly tribal and a rural society. The main inhabitants of Takhar province are majority Tajiks and Uzbeks with a sizeable Pashtun minority. Other smaller ethnic groups include Hazaras, Gujars and Balochi.

Districts of Takhar ProvinceDistrictCapitalPopulationBangi 39,725 434 92 59 villages. 80% Uzbek, 10% Tajik, 6% Hazara, 4% Pashtun. Chah Ab 90,011 833 108 63 villages. 97% Tajik, 3% Uzbek. Chal 31,885 404 79 58 villages. 55% Uzbek, 38% Tajik, 6% Hazara, 1% Pashtun, 1% Gujar. Darqad 30,424 310 98 34 villages. Predominantely Uzbek, few Tajik. Dashti Qala 36,137 314 115 49 villages. 70% Uzbek, 25% Tajiks, 5% PashtunsFarkhar 53,051 1,306 41 75 villages. 94% Tajik, 5% Hazara, 1% other. Hazar Sumuch 15,545 265 59 28 villages. Predominantely Pashtun, few Turkmen, Tajik, Uzbek. Ishkamish 66,695 948 70 103 villages. 40% Tajik, 30% Uzbek, 20% Pashtun, 10% Gujar. Kalafgan 39,858 526 76 42 villages 95% Uzbek, 2% Hazara, 2% Tajik, 1% Pashtun. Khwaja Bahauddin 26,306 182 144 25 villages. Predominantely Uzbek. Khwaja Ghar 76,132 404 188 62 villages. 70% Uzbek, 20% Pashtun, 10% Tajik, <1% Hazara. Namak Ab 13,817 431 32 28 villages. 100% Tajik. Rustaq 186,144 1,824 102 179 villages 50% Uzbek, 50% Tajiks, <1% Pashtun, <1% BalochTaluqan Taluqan 258,724 833 311 40% Uzbek, 40% Tajik, 10% Pashtun, 5% Hazara, 5% othersWarsaj 42,914 2,668 16 94 villages. 100% Tajik. Yangi Qala 50,782 360 141 64 villages 65% Uzbeks, 18% Pashtun, 15% Tajik, 2% Hazara. Takhar1,093,09212,4588846.0% Uzbeks, 42.1% Tajiks, 8.0% Pashtuns, 2.1% Hazaras, 0.6% Gujar, <0.1% Balochi, <0.1% Turkmens, 1.2% others.

Agriculture and mining are the main industries of the province. Takhar has coal reserves which are being exploited by hand in some villages and sold in the region. The local population considers gold the most relevant resource for the Province. Gold is being washed in Takhar River, and about 2 kg are being transported to the specific weekly markets in the city of Taloqan. Also the city is a main source of construction materials like: loam, sand, and different types of stones. Takhar province is known for its salt mountains and you can find large deposits of fine salt in the region. The Takcha Khanna salt mine is one of the growing number of salt supplier, for the population of Takhar and northern Afghanistan. While the mines offer economic opportunities in the region, the availability of iodized salt considerably reduces the prevalence of health problems related to iodine deficiency.