Леонард Вайн: Пионер комиксов и создатель Болотного Человека

American comic book writer and editor

Leonard Norman Wein

Wein was born on June 12, 1948, in New York City, One of two children of Phillip and Rosalyn (née Bauman) Wein, Wein's younger brother, Michael, died in 2007. In a 2003 interview, Len Wein recalled having been "a very sickly kid. While I was in the hospital at age seven, my dad brought me a stack of comic books to keep me occupied. And I was hooked. When my eighth grade art teacher, Mr. Smedley, told me he thought I had actual art talent, I decided to devote all my efforts in that direction in the hope that I might someday get into the comics biz." Approximately once a month, as a teenager, Wein and his friend Marv Wolfman took DC Comics' weekly Thursday afternoon tour of the company's offices. and together he and Wein produced sample superhero stories to show to the DC editorial staff. At that point, Wein was more interested in becoming an artist than a writer. Wein's first professional comics story was "Eye of the Beholder" in DC's Teen Titans #18 (Dec. 1968), for which he co created, with Wolfman, Red Star, the first official Russian superhero in the DC universe. Neal Adams was called upon to rewrite and redraw a Teen Titans story which had been written by Wein and Wolfman. The story, titled "Titans Fit the Battle of Jericho! ", would have introduced DC's first African American superhero but was rejected by publisher Carmine Infantino. The revised story appeared in Teen Titans #20 (April 1969). Later that year, Wein was writing anthological mystery stories for DC's The House of Secrets and Marvel's Tower of Shadows and Chamber of Darkness. He additionally began writing for DC's romance comic Secret Hearts and the company's toyline tie in Hot Wheels; Skywald Publications' horror comics magazines Nightmare and Psycho and its short lived Western comic books The Bravados and The Sundance Kid; and Gold Key Comics' Mod Wheels, Boris Karloff Tales of Mystery, the toyline tie in Microbots, and the TV series tie ins Star Trek and The Twilight Zone.

Wein's first superhero work for Marvel was a one off story in Daredevil #71 (Dec. 1970) co written with staff writer/editor Roy Thomas. Wein later began scripting sporadic issues of such DC superhero titles as Adventure Comics (featuring Supergirl and Zatanna), The Flash, and Superman, while continuing to write anthological mysteries, along with well received stories for the semi anthological occult title The Phantom Stranger #14–26 (Aug. 1971 – Sept. 1973). Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson created the horror character the Swamp Thing in The House of Secrets #92 (July 1971). Over the next several decades, the Swamp Thing would star in DC series and miniseries – including an initial 1972–76 series begun by Wein and Wrightson, and the early 1980s The Saga of the Swamp Thing, edited by Wein and featuring early work by writer Alan Moore—as well as two theatrical films, and a syndicated television series. Abigail Arcane, a major supporting character in the character's mythos, was introduced by Wein and Wrightson in Swamp Thing #3 (March 1973). Wein wrote the second story featuring Man Thing (written circa May 1971, published in June 1972), introducing Barbara Morse and the concept that "Whatever Knows Fear Burns at the Man Thing's Touch! ", and later edited Steve Gerber's run on that title. Wein wrote a well regarded run of Justice League of America (issues #100–114) wherein, together with artist Dick Dillin, he re introduced the Seven Soldiers of Victory in issues #100–102 and the Freedom Fighters in issues #107–108. Libra, a supervillain created by Wein and Dillin in Justice League of America #111 (June 1974), would play a leading role in Grant Morrison's Final Crisis storyline in 2008. In the fall of 1972, Wein and writers Gerry Conway and Steve Englehart crafted a metafictional unofficial crossover spanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Wein's first wife Glynis, interacting with Marvel or DC characters at the Rutland Halloween Parade in Rutland, Vermont. Beginning in Marvel's Amazing Adventures #16 (by Englehart with art by Bob Brown and Frank McLaughlin), the story continued in DC's Justice League of America #103 (by Wein, Dillin and Dick Giordano), and concluded in Marvel's Thor #207 (by Conway and penciler John Buscema). As Englehart explained in 2010, "It certainly seemed like a radical concept and we knew that we had to be subtle (laughs) and each story had to stand on its own, but we really worked it out. It's really worthwhile to read those stories back to back to back – it didn't matter to us that one was at DC and two were at Marvel – I think it was us being creative, thinking what would be really cool to do." Wein co created the Human Target with artist Carmine Infantino and wrote the character's appearances as a backup feature in Action Comics, Detective Comics, and The Brave and the Bold. The character was adapted into a short lived ABC television series starring Rick Springfield which debuted in July 1992, and was briefly revived in 2010 for a two season series on Fox that starred Mark Valley, Chi McBride, and Jackie Earle Haley. He briefly wrote the "Batman" feature in Detective Comics and produced a storyline with artist Jim Aparo and in which Batman was framed for the murder of Talia al Ghul and battled Sterling Silversmith for the first time. In the early 1970s, Wein began writing regularly for Marvel Comics. He succeeded Roy Thomas as editor in chief of the color comics line in 1974, staying a little over a year before handing the reins to Wolfman. Remaining at Marvel as a writer, Wein had lengthy runs on Marvel Team Up, The Amazing Spider Man, The Incredible Hulk, Thor, and Fantastic Four, as well as shorter runs on such titles as The Defenders and "Brother Voodoo". Wein co created Wolverine with artist John Romita Sr. during his run on The Incredible Hulk. Wein's story "Between Hammer and Anvil" from The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #182 (Dec. 1974) was later cited in Tony Isabella's book 1,000 Comics You Must Read. In 1975, he and artist Dave Cockrum revived the Stan Lee / Jack Kirby mutant superhero team the X Men after a half decade's hiatus, reformatting the membership in Giant Size X Men #1 (May 1975). Among the characters the duo created for the series were Nightcrawler, Storm, Colossus, and Thunderbird. Wein plotted the early "new X Men" stories with artist Cockrum. These issues were then scripted as Uncanny X Men #94 95 by Chris Claremont, who subsequently developed the title into one of Marvel's leading franchises. In 2009, Claremont said, "The history of modern comics would be incredibly different if you took [Wein's] contributions out of the mix. The fact he doesn't get credit for it half the time is disgraceful. We owe a lot of what we are – certainly on the X Men – to Len and to Dave [Cockrum]".

In 1977, following an offer to script the "Batman" feature in Detective Comics, Wein left Marvel to work exclusively at DC Comics as a scriptwriter and editor. He scripted Batman and collaborated on Green Lantern with artists Dave Gibbons and Mark Farmer. On his first issue of Batman, #307 (Jan. 1979), he created Wayne Foundation executive Lucius Fox, later portrayed by Morgan Freeman in the movies Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises. With artist Marshall Rogers, Wein co created the third version of the supervillain Clayface in Detective Comics #478 (Aug. 1978). He wrote The Untold Legend of the Batman, the first Batman miniseries, in 1980 and the following year wrote a DC Marvel crossover between Batman and the Hulk in DC Special Series #27 (Fall 1981). Pandora Pann was a proposed series by Wein and artist Ross Andru which was to have been published in 1982 but other commitments prevented Wein from writing it and the project was cancelled. As editor, he worked on the first twelve issue limited series Camelot 3000, and such successful series as The New Teen Titans, All Star Squadron, Batman and the Outsiders, Who's Who in the DC Universe, and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons's acclaimed and highly influential Watchmen. In 1986, he wrote a revival of the Blue Beetle, two issues of the DC Challenge limited series, and dialogued the miniseries Legends over the plots of John Ostrander. The following year, Wein scripted the rebooted Wonder Woman series over penciller George Pérez's plots. With artist Steve Erwin, Wein co created the superhero Gunfire.

Following his second stint at DC and a move to the West Coast, Wein served as editor in chief of Disney Comics for three years in the early 1990s. After leaving Disney, Wein began writing and story editing for such animated television series as X Men, Batman, Spider Man, Street Fighter, ExoSquad, Phantom 2040, Godzilla, Pocket Dragon Adventures, ReBoot and War Planets: Shadow Raiders. In 2001, he and Wolfman wrote the screenplay Gene Pool for the production company Helkon, and later wrote a prequel to the screenplay for a one shot comic book for IDW Publishing. Wein collaborated with writer Kurt Busiek and artist Kelley Jones on the four issue miniseries Conan: The Book of Thoth for Dark Horse Comics. He scripted the comics series The Victorian for Penny Farthing Press and wrote comic book stories for Bongo Comics' TV series tie ins The Simpsons and Futurama. From 2005 to 2008, Wein appeared as a recurring panelist on the Los Angeles based stage revival of the TV game show What's My Line? He wrote episodes of the Cartoon Network animated series Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien, Ben 10: Omniverse and the Marvel Super Hero Squad. He wrote the storyline for the Watchmen video game, The End Is Nigh, which serves as a backstory to both the comic and the film adaptation. Wein returned to comics writing for DC in the late 2000s, where he collaborated in the DC Comics nostalgic event DC Retroactive writing stories for the one shot specials Batman – The '70s (September 2011) drawn by Tom Mandrake and Green Lantern – The '80s (October 2011) drawn by Joe Staton. The hardcover collection of his 10 issue DC Universe: Legacies was published in August 2011. In 2012, Wein worked on the Before Watchmen project, writing the mini series Ozymandias with art by Jae Lee and the serialized feature "Curse of the Crimson Corsair" with art by Watchmen colorist John Higgins. The hardcover collection of the Ozymandias storyline spent several weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List in 2013. In 2015, he and José Luis García López produced Batman '66: The Lost Episode, a comics adaptation of a Two Face story pitch by Harlan Ellison originally intended for the Batman television series. In 2016, DC published a six issue limited Swamp Thing series by Wein and artist Kelley Jones.