Ford RS200: История и Конструкция Легендарного Раллийного Автомобиля

The Ford RS200 is a mid engined, all wheel drive sports car that was produced by Ford Motorsport in Boreham, UK, from 1984 to 1986. The road going RS200 was the basis for Ford's Group B rally car and was designed to comply with FIA homologation regulations, which required 200 parts kits to be produced and at least one road legal car to be assembled. It was first displayed to the public at the Belfast Motor Show.

Following the introduction of the MKIII Escort in 1980, Ford Motorsport set about developing a rear wheel drive, turbocharged variant of the vehicle that could be entered into competition in Group B rally racing, and dubbed the new vehicle the Escort RS 1700T. A problem filled development led Ford to abandon the project in frustration in 1983, leaving them without a new vehicle to enter into Group B. Not wanting to abandon Group B or simply "write off" the cost of developing the failed 1700T, executives decided to make use of the lessons learned developing that vehicle in preparing a new, purpose built rally car. In addition, Ford executives became adamant that the new vehicle would feature all wheel drive, an addition they felt would be necessary to allow it to compete properly with all wheel drive models from Peugeot and Audi. The new vehicle was a unique design, featuring a plastic fiberglass composite body designed by Ghia, a mid mounted engine and four wheel drive. The cars were built on behalf of Ford by another company well known for its expertise in producing fibreglass bodies Reliant. To aid weight distribution, designers mounted the transmission at the front of the car, which required that power from the mid mounted engine go first up to the front wheels and then be run back again to the rear, creating a complex drive train setup. The chassis was designed by former Formula One designer Tony Southgate, and Ford's John Wheeler, a former F1 engineer, aided in early development. A double wishbone suspension setup with twin dampers on all four wheels aided handling and helped give the car what was often regarded as being the best balanced platform of any of the RS200's contemporary competitors. The Ford parts bin was raided to help give the RS200 a Ford corporate look; for example, the front windscreen and rear lights were identical to those of the early Sierra and the doors were cut down Sierra items. Small parts bin items like switchgear were also used to save development time and expenses. Power came from a , single turbocharged Ford Cosworth "BDT" engine producing in road going trim, and between in racing trim; upgrade kits were available for road going versions to boost power output to over Although the RS had the balance and poise necessary to be competitive, its power to weight ratio was poor by comparison, and its engine produced notorious low RPM lag, making it difficult to drive and ultimately less competitive. Factory driver Kalle Grundel's third place finish at the 1986 WRC Rally of Sweden represented the vehicle's best ever finish in Group B rallying competition, although the model did see limited success outside of the ultra competitive Group B class. However, only one event later, at the Rally de Portugal, a Ford RS200 was involved in one of the most dramatic accidents in WRC history, claiming the lives of three spectators and injuring many others. Another Ford RS200 was crashed by Swiss Formula One driver Marc Surer against a tree during the 1986 Hessen Rallye in Germany, killing his co driver and friend Michel Wyder instantly. The accident at Rally Portugal set off a chain reaction and the RS200 became obsolete after only one full year of competition as the FIA, the governing board, which at the time controlled WRC rally racing, abolished Group B after the 1986 season. For 1987, Ford had planned to introduce an "Evolution" variant of the RS200, featuring a development of the BDT engine, called later as BDT E, displacing , developed by Briton Brian Hart. Power figures for the engine vary quite a bit from source to source, depending on the mechanical setup e. g. boost levels, power output ranges from to ; although most typical output was at 8,000 rpm and at 5,500 rpm of torque. The ban on Group B racing effectively forced the E2 model into retirement; however, more than a dozen of them were successfully run from August 1986 until October 1992 in the FIA European Championships for Rallycross Drivers events all over Europe, and Norwegian Martin Schanche claimed the 1991 European rallycross title with a Ford RS200 E2 that produced over
One RS200, which found its way into circuit racing, originated as a road car; it was converted to IMSA GTO specification powered by an over 750 BHP 2.0 litre turbo BDTE Cosworth Evolution engine. Competing against the numerous factory backed teams such as Mazda, Mercury and Nissan, with their newly built spaceframe specials, despite being a privateer, the car never achieved any real success to be a serious contender and was kept by the original owner. A parts car was built in England and later used to compete in the unlimited category at the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, where it was driven by Swede Stig Blomqvist in 2001, 2002 and 2004 and in 2009 by former British Rallycross champion Mark Rennison.

FIA homologation rules for Group B required the construction of at least 200 road legal vehicles, and Ford contracted Reliant Motors PLC to construct these 200 units at their Shenstone facility, with spare parts for another 20+ units put aside for the racing teams. Those chassis and spare parts were later also used to build a couple of non genuine, so called bitsa cars.

Group B required any modifications and upgrades had to be homologated by building a further batch of 20 road models to certify the revised specification. Even though Group B had been banned by the time the evolution model was ready, Ford produced the road cars regardless. A total of 24 of the 200 original cars were reportedly later converted to the so called "Evolution" models, mostly marked by their owners as "E" or "E2" types. Ford's first intention was to mark the FIA required 20 "Evo" cars as series numbers 201 to 220 but as this was actually not necessary according to the FIA rules they later kept their original series numbers (e. g. 201 = 012, 202 = 146, 203 = 174 et cetera). Changes were mostly mechanical, with the engine being designated BDT E. Additional cool ducts were fitted above the roof, either side of the main engine intake.

Due to difficulty selling the road cars once group B has been banned, an 'S' version was produced from the remaining unsold cars to make the car more usable. Changes included wider seats, more creature comforts, better HVAC, improved cooling and increased power. A total of 20 were produced, 16 standard cars and 4 evolution spec, including 4 in red.

Rack and pinion, a small quantity of cars also had hydraulic power assistance. Steering wheel diameter 14 in, 1.8 turns lock to lock

Dual circuits, split front/rear. Front diameter ventilated discs. Rear diameter ventilated discs, no vacuum servo. Handbrake, mechanical fly off and hydraulic centre lever acting on separate, mechanically operated rear calipers.

Ford magnesium alloy, 6–8 in rims (8¾ in and 11 in option for racing tyres). Tyre dependent on conditions (Pirelli Monte Carlo intermediates 245/40 16 on test car), 16 in diameter, pressures dependent on tyres used.