Введение
Город в Восточном Калимантане, Индонезия (Баликпапан, Город верующих)
| девиз = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing (Труд до завершения)
| гимн = Гимн Баликпапана
| карта1 =
| подсказка карты1 = Интерактивная карта Баликпапана
| карта = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan.svg
| подсказка карты = Расположение в Восточном Калимантане
| метка карты = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| положение метки = слева
| подсказка метки карты = Расположение в Калимантане и Индонезии
| координаты =
| тип административного деления = Страна
| название административного деления =
| тип административного деления1 = Регион
| тип административного деления2 = Провинция
| название административного деления1 = Калимантан
| название административного деления2 = Восточный Калимантан
| дата основания = 10 февраля 1897 г.
| тип правления = Город
| орган управления = Администрация города Баликпапан
| должность лидера = Мэр
| имя лидера = Рахмад Мас'уд
| общая площадь км2 = 511,01
| площадь суши км2 =
| площадь водной поверхности км2 =
| процент водной поверхности =
| высота над уровнем моря м = 52
| высота над уровнем моря футы =
| общая численность населения = 738 532
| численность населения на = оценка середины 2023 года
| плотность населения км2 = auto
| городское население =
| население агломерации =
| демографический тип1 = Демография
| часовой пояс = WITA
| смещение UTC = +8
| часовой пояс DST =
| смещение UTC DST =
| демографический тип1 название1 = Этнические группы
| почтовый индекс тип = Почтовый индекс
| почтовый индекс =
| телефонный код = (+62) 542
| пустая ячейка имя1 = HDI (2019)
| пустая ячейка информация1 = 0,801
| номерной знак = KT
| пустая ячейка имя2 = Аэропорт
| пустая ячейка информация2 = Международный аэропорт Султана Аджи Мухаммада Сулеймана Сепингана
| веб-сайт = balikpapan.go.id
| сноски =
| должность лидера2 = Вице-мэр
| имя лидера2 = Вакантно
| демографическая информация1 =
| демографическая информация2 = Ислам 89,50% Протестантизм 7,51% Католицизм 1,78% Буддизм 0,95% Индуизм 0,12% Конфуцианство 0,01% Другие 0,01%
| демографический тип2 название = Религия
| этимология = id: Balik (Задний) и Papan (Доска)
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
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!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
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!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
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!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
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!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
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!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
Баликпапан — портовый город в Восточном Калимантане, Индонезия. Расположенный на восточном побережье острова Борнео, город является финансовым центром Калимантана. Баликпапан — город с самой большой экономикой в Калимантане, с оценочным ВВП в 2016 году в размере 73,18 триллиона рупий. В городе находится третий по загруженности аэропорт в Калимантане после аэропортов Банджармасина и Понтианака, а именно аэропорт Султана Аджи Мухаммада Сулеймана Сепингана. Порт Семаянга был вторым по загруженности морским портом в Восточном Калимантане после порта в Самаринде. С населением 688 318 человек по переписи 2020 года и официальной оценкой 738 532 человека на середину 2023 года (включая 277 458 мужчин и 361 074 женщины), Баликпапан является вторым по численности населения городом в Восточном Калимантане после Самаринды. Баликпапан неизменно входит в число самых пригодных для жизни городов Индонезии. Однако в 2022 году Баликпапан уступил это звание Самаринде. Изначально Баликпапан был рыбацкой деревней, построенной народом буги в XIX веке. Первое бурение нефти началось в Баликпапане 10 февраля 1897 года, что впоследствии стало годовщиной города. В 1899 году голландская колониальная администрация Голландской Ост-Индии предоставила Баликпапану статус поселка. В 1907 году Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) сделала город своей штаб-квартирой и импортировала квалифицированных рабочих, инженеров и менеджеров из-за рубежа. Впоследствии многочисленные многонациональные компании пришли в Баликпапан для инвестиций в нефтяную промышленность. Это привело к экономическому буму Баликпапана и привлекло множество мигрантов и экспатриантов. Во время Второй мировой войны японская империя оккупировала город в 1942 году в рамках оккупации Голландской Ост-Индии, и он был подвергнут бомбардировкам союзниками в первой битве за Баликпапан в 1942 году и во второй битве в 1945 году. Битвы нанесли ущерб критической инфраструктуре, включая нефтеперерабатывающие заводы и морской порт, которые были полностью сожжены. После обретения Индонезией независимости BPM расширила свою деятельность в Баликпапане до 1965 года, когда Pertamina, индонезийская государственная нефтяная компания, взяла под контроль BPM и ее деятельность по разведке нефти. Десять досок вернулись в Женебору из тысячи, запрошенных султаном Кутая в качестве пожертвований строительных материалов для строительства Нового дворца Кутая. Десять возвращенных досок народ Кутая называл Баликпапаном Ту. Таким образом, территория вдоль залива Баликпапан, а именно в Женеборе, называется Баликпапан. Племя Пасир Балик (коренные жители Баликпапана) — потомки деда и бабушки по имени Каюнь Куленг и Папан Аюн. Поэтому территория вдоль залива Баликпапан ее потомками называется Куленг Папан, что означает Баликпапан (на языке пасер Куленг означает Балик). История
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
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!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
До нефтяного бума начала 1900-х годов Баликпапан был изолированной рыбацкой деревней буги. Топоним Баликпапан (балик = «за спиной» и папан = «доска») происходит из народной истории, в которой местный король бросил свою новорожденную дочь в море, чтобы защитить ее от врагов. Ребёнок был привязан к доскам, которые обнаружил рыбак. Альтернативная история гласит, что во времена султаната Кутай султан Мухаммад Идрис отправил 1000 досок, чтобы помочь царству Пасер построить новый дворец. Доски доставляли из Кутая в Пасер вдоль береговой линии Борнео, связывая их веревкой. 10 из 1000 отправленных досок всплыли в месте, которое сейчас называется Баликпапан. Развитие нефтяной промышленности
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
10 февраля 1897 года небольшая нефтеперерабатывающая компания Mathilda начала первое бурение нефти. Строительство дорог, причалов, складов, офисов, казарм и бунгало началось, когда голландская нефтяная компания Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) прибыла в этот район. Вторая мировая война
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
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!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
24 января 1942 года японский конвой вторжения прибыл в Баликпапан и подвергся атаке четырех эсминцев ВМС США, которые потопили три японских транспорта. Японская армия высадилась и не встретила сопротивления голландских войск, которым было приказано эвакуироваться после уничтожения нефтяных установок. В ответ на это японцы расстреляли 78 голландских военнопленных и гражданских лиц. Разведка Королевских ВВС Австралии (RAAF) установила, что половина всех смазочных масел, используемых японской армией, и 60 процентов всего авиационного топлива поступали с нефтеперерабатывающих заводов в Баликпапане, поэтому это была чрезвычайно важная цель. Американская 380-я бомбардировочная группа под командованием RAAF, включая знаменитый B-24 Liberator Shady Lady, атаковала нефтяные заводы в августе 1943 года из Дарвина, Австралия. Удивительно, но потерь среди самолетов не было, несмотря на аварийную посадку и последующий ремонт Shady Lady. В сентябре и октябре 1944 года 5-я и 13-я воздушные армии под командованием генерала Джорджа Кенни провели серию из пяти рейдов с островов Моротай и Ноемфоор. Кенни был решительным сторонником использования мощного B-29 Superfortress для этого рейда, но был вынужден использовать B-24 Liberator вместо этого. Неизвестно для союзных сил, японские ВВС сохранили многие из своих сокращающихся истребителей для защиты важных нефтяных заводов. Первые два рейда не имели истребительного прикрытия и понесли большие потери. Битва за Баликпапан 1945 года завершила Борнейскую кампанию, и союзные войска взяли под контроль остров Борнео. Значительный ущерб, нанесенный во время войны, практически прекратил все производство нефти в этом районе до тех пор, пока Royal Dutch Shell не завершила крупный ремонт в 1950 году. Рейд ЦРУ
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
В 1958 году ЦРУ атаковало Баликпапан и остановило экспорт нефти. США проводили секретную операцию ЦРУ по подрыву правительства президента Сукарно, поддерживая правые повстанцы в Индонезии. ЦРУ, Тайвань и Филиппины предоставили повстанцам в Северном Сулавеси повстанческие ВВС, Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). 28 апреля 1958 года пилот ЦРУ Уильям Х. Бил, пилотировавший бомбардировщик B-26 Invader, аirc...
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
|
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
|
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border left width:medium"|Year
|
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
|
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
|
!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
|
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
(Balikpapan, City of Believers)
| motto = bjn: Gawi Manuntung Waja Sampai Kaputing
(Hard Work until Finish)
| anthem = Hymne Balikpapan"
| image map1 =
| map caption1 = Interactive Map of Balikpapan
| image map = Lokasi Kalimantan Timur Kota Balikpapan. svg
| map caption = Location within East Kalimantan
| pushpin map = Indonesia Kalimantan#Indonesia
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map caption = Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
| coordinates =
| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name =
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision type2 = Province
| subdivision name1 = Kalimantan
| subdivision name2 = East Kalimantan
| established title = Established
| established date = 10 February 1897
| government type = City
| governing body = City of Balikpapan Government
| leader title = Mayor
| leader name = Rahmad Mas'ud
| area total km2 = 511.01
| area land km2 =
| area water km2 =
| area water percent =
| elevation m = 52
| elevation ft =
| population total = 738532
| population as of = mid 2023 estimate
| population density km2 = auto
| population urban =
| population metro =
| demographics type1 = Demographics
| timezone = WITA
| utc offset = +8
| timezone DST =
| utc offset DST =
| demographics1 title1 = Ethnic groups
| postal code type = Postal Code
| postal code =
| area code = (+62) 542
| blank name sec1 = HDI (2019)
| blank info sec1 = 0.801
| registration plate = KT
| blank name sec2 = Airport
| blank info sec2 = Sultan Aji Muhammad
Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport
| website = balikpapan. go. id
| footnotes =
| leader title2 = Vice Mayor
| leader name2 = Vacant
| demographics1 info1 =
| demographics1 info2 = Islam 89.50% Protestanism 7.51% Catholic 1.78% Buddhism 0.95% Hinduism 0.12% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01%
| demographics1 title2 = Religion
| etymology = id: Balik (Behind) and Papan (Plank)
Balikpapan is a seaport city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located on the east coast of the island of Borneo, the city is the financial center of Kalimantan. Balikpapan is the city with the largest economy in Kalimantan with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp 73.18 trillion. The city has the third busiest airport in Kalimantan after that in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, namely Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. Port of Semayang was the second busiest seaport in East Kalimantan, after that in Samarinda. With a population of 688,318 according to the 2020 census, and an official estimate of 738,532 as at mid 2023 (comprising 277,458 males and 361,074 females), Balikpapan is the second most populous city in East Kalimantan, after Samarinda. Balikpapan has been consistently ranked as the most liveable city in Indonesia. However, in 2022, Balikpapan conceded this to Samarinda. Balikpapan was originally a fishing village built by Buginese people in the 19th century. The first oil drilling began in Balikpapan on 10 February 1897, which was later set as the anniversary of the city. In 1899, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration granted a township status to Balikpapan. In 1907, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) made the city as its headquarters and imported skilled laborers, engineers, and managers from overseas. Subsequently, numerous multi national companies came to Balikpapan to invest in the oil industry. This resulted in the economic boom of Balikpapan and attracted many migrants and expatriates. During World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in first Balikpapan Battle in 1942 and second battle in 1945. The battles impacted critical infrastructure, including the oil refinery stations and seaport which were completely burned to the ground. Upon Indonesia's independence, BPM extended its activities in Balikpapan until 1965 when Pertamina, the Indonesian state owned oil company, took control over the ownership of BPM and its oil exploration activities. The 10 pieces of board returned to Jenebora from the 1,000 pieces requested by the Sultan of Kutai as donations of building materials for the construction of the New Kutai Palace. The ten boards that were returned were referred to by the people of Kutai as Balikpapan Tu. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay, precisely in Jenebora is called Balikpapan. Tribe of Pasir Balik (native people of Balikpapan) is a descendant of grandfather and grandmother named Kayun Kuleng and Papan Ayun. So that the area along Balikpapan Bay by its descendants is called Kuleng Papan or means Balikpapan (in Paser, Kuleng means Balik). History
Before the oil boom of the early 1900s, Balikpapan was an isolated Bugis fishing village. Balikpapan's toponym (balik = "behind" and papan = "plank") is from a folk story in which a local king threw his newborn daughter into the sea to protect her from his enemies. The baby was tied beneath some planks that were discovered by a fisherman. An alternative story is that, at the time of the Kutai sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Idris sent 1000 planks to aid the Paser Kingdom to build a new palace. The planks were shipped from Kutai to Paser along the Borneo shoreline by roping all the planks together. 10 out of the 1000 planks that were originally shipped resurfaced in a place currently called Balikpapan. Oil development
On 10 February 1897, a small refinery company, Mathilda, began the first oil drilling. Building of roads, wharves, warehouses, offices, barracks, and bungalows started when the Dutch oil company Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) arrived in the area. Second World War
On 24 January 1942, a Japanese invasion convoy arrived at Balikpapan and was attacked by four United States Navy destroyers that sank three Japanese transports. The Japanese army landed and met with no opposition by the Dutch troops, which had been ordered to evacuate after destroying the oil installations. In responds to this, the Japanese massacred 78 Dutch POWs and civilians. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) intelligence determined that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from refineries in Balikpapan, and it was therefore an extremely important target. The American 380th Bombardment Group under the command of the RAAF, including the famous B 24 Liberator Shady Lady, attacked the oil refineries in August 1943 from Darwin, Australia. Amazingly, there were no aircraft losses, despite the crash landing and subsequent repair of the Shady Lady. In September and October 1944, the 5th and 13th Air Forces under the command of General George Kenney launched a series of five raids from Morotai and Noemfoor Islands. Kenney was a strong advocate for using the powerful B 29 Superfortress for this raid but was forced to use the B 24 Liberator instead. Unbeknownst to the Allied forces, the Japanese Air Force had conserved many of its dwindling numbers of fighters to protect the important oil refineries. The first two raids did not have fighter cover and suffered severe losses. The 1945 Battle of Balikpapan concluded the Borneo campaign and Allied forces took control of Borneo island. Extensive wartime damage curtailed almost all oil production in the area until Royal Dutch Shell completed major repairs in 1950. CIA air raid
In 1958, the CIA attacked Balikpapan and stopped oil exports. The US was running a CIA covert mission to undermine President Sukarno's government by supporting right wing rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV). On 28 April 1958, a CIA pilot, William H. Beale, flying a B 26 Invader bomber aircraft that was painted black and showing no markings, dropped of four bombs on Balikpapan. The first damaged the runway at Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, the second set the British oil tanker on fire and sank her and the third bounced off the British tanker without exploding. Beale's fourth bomb set on fire and sank the Indonesian Navy KRI Hang Tuah, killing 18 crew and wounding 28. Before attacking Hang Tuah, Beale also machine gunned the oil pipes to Shell's wharf. The CIA had orders to attack unarmed foreign merchant ships in order to drive foreign trade away from Indonesia and weaken its economy, with the intention of undermining Sukarno's government. The day before attacking Balikpapan, Beale had also damaged a Shell complex at Ambon, Maluku. His Balikpapan raid succeeded in persuading Shell to suspend tanker services from Balikpapan and withdraw shore based wives and families to Singapore. Climate
Balikpapan features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) as there is no real dry season in Balikpapan. The city sees an average of of rain per year. Balikpapan generally shows little variation in weather throughout the course of the year. The city does not have significantly wetter and drier periods of the year and average temperatures are nearly identical throughout the course of the year, averaging about throughout the year. {|style="width:100%;text align:center;line height:1.2em;margin left:auto;margin right:auto" class="wikitable mw collapsible"
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!Colspan=14|Climate data for Balikpapan
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!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.0(82.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.0(84.0)
|style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;border left width:medium"|28.9(83.8)
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!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
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|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|12.0
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!Average Ultraviolet index
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
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|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
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|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;"|11+
|style="background:#6b49c8;color:#000000;border left width:medium"|11
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!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font weight:normal;font size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas The area of Wain River forest reaches , slowly but surely continues to decrease, leaving with forest conditions that are still good at only 63 percents. Residents around looked for wood to cook in the forest even though the surrounding area had been lined with wire. and in 2009 this forest was hit by a fire along with the Manggar River forest which made of forest area engulfed in fire. The forest in the middle of this city has been surrounded by residential areas. The reservoirs in this forest are also threatened because coal mining fields and brick mills were set up so close that there was siltation of reservoir water. The majority of those who founded it were even known to be immigrant communities. could damage the quality of the clean water reserve in Balikpapan. Forest damage resulted in Balikpapan being easily hit by floods and landslides when it was hit by heavy rains. Clean water supply is also decreasing and lowers reservoirs, The population of the Balikpapan's mascot, the sun bear is fewer and only 50 are left. This is due to coal mining which narrows the habitat of sun bears, so its are reluctant to reproduce. In addition to sun bears, other Balikpapan animals that are declared endangered are proboscis monkeys, borneo gibbon, bornean orangutans, pangolin and otter civet. Whereas extinct animals in Balikpapan are Bornean Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi). and 2020
Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Urban villages(Kelurahan) Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023 Area
(km2)64.71.01East Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Timur)Manggar60,66490,243102,95935.255Manggar Baru3.836Lamaru48.555Teritip49.51264.71.02 West Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Barat)Baru Ilir83,41294,12397,8210.589Baru Tengah0.570Baru Ulu0.955Margomulyo1.845Margasari0.665Kariangau175.32864.71.03 North Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Utara)Gunung Samarinda123,214169,150188,6052.703Gunung Samarinda Baru3.035Muara Rapak3.527Batu Ampar10.553Karang Joang93.090Graha Indah19.25464.71.04 Central Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Tengah)Gunung Sari Ilir98,552106,952105,7491.141Gunung Sari Ulu1.825Mekar Sari1.287Karang Rejo1.205Sumber Rejo2.205Karang Jati3.41164.71.05 South Balikpapan
(Balikpapan Selatan)Gunung Bahagia191,737145,007158,3203.735Sepinggan7.812Damai Baru2.149Damai Bahagia3.708Sepinggan Raya6.588Sepinggan Baru10.618Sungai Nangka3.20464.71.06Balikpapan Town
(Balikpapan Kota)Prapatanincludedin figurefor SouthBalikpapan82,84385,0783.141Telaga Sari2.538Klandasan Ulu0.890Klandasan Ilir1.435Damai2.221
Demographics
During the Suharto dictatorship Balikpapan achieved unprecedented economic growth by attracting foreign investments, particularly in the exploitation of natural and mineral resources. The policy was heavily criticized for uncontrolled environmental damage and corrupt bureaucrats and politicians, but it significantly boosted urban development in resource rich cities. In the 1970s Balikpapan experienced 7% population growth annually, while exports of timber and petroleum increased dramatically. Based on its origin, migrants come from neighbouring islands such as Java, Madura and Sulawesi. Residents mainly from ethnic migrants who have long settled in Balikpapan, namely from the ethnic Banjar, Bugis, Makassar, and Javanese. Other migrants including ethnic Minahasan, Gorontaloan, Madurese, and Sundanese. At the beginning of June 2014, the population reached 684,339 people with the number of arrivals during 2012 of 21,486 people, the highest number in the past three years. The number of migrants was able to exceed the number of newcomers who entered in Singapore in the same year which was as many as 20,693 inhabitants. The highest number of arrivals came from Java, which was 30%, then followed by Banjar and Bugis each by 20%, Toraja by 11%, Madura by 8%, Buton by 7% and Betawi by 4%. Indonesian Most Liveable City
Based on Indonesian Most Liveable City Index which measured 27 indicators in every 2 years, Balikpapan is the best city for living in 2013 and toppled Yogyakarta as the best in 2011 and 2009. Balikpapan mainly maintained city management aspects and environment wellbeing. As part of the Earth Hour City Challenge, the city of Balikpapan, Indonesia was recognized as the Most Loveable City for 2015. In 2016, Balikpapan was nominated for the second time as the most lovable and sustainable city, pending final judgement. However, in 2022, Balikpapan no longer in the top 10, leaving Samarinda in top spot. the Port of Semayang, and several others also attract many people to work in this area. Balikpapan has been chosen as the site of some important governmental agencies such as Komando Daerah Militer VI Tanjungpura and Kepolisian Daerah Kaltim. Balikpapan oil refinery is on the shore of Balikpapan Bay and covers an area of Founded in 1922, it is the oldest refinery in the area. The Allies destroyed it in the Second World War and Shell re built it in 1950. The refinery has two subunits, Balikpapan I and Balikpapan II. Balikpapan I has two raw oil refinery units that produce naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, and residue and one high vacuum unit that produces of paraffin oil distillate (POD), used as raw material for wax factories. The wax itself has various grades and is sold domestically and internationally. Opened on 1 November 1983, Balikpapan II has a hydro skimming and hydro cracking refinery and produces petrol, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fuel. Indonesian government and their Pertamina planning as for 2017 expanding the oil refinery including the area of Persiba Balikpapan FC (old) stadium and Pertamina residents near the refinery. Balikpapan's former mayor Rizal Effendi ask for primarily using Balikpapan peoples as worker that Pertamina needed up to 20.000 new employers. Tourism
As a coastal city, Balikpapan has many beaches, including Manggar Beach, Segara Beach, Monument Beach, Kemala Beach, and Brigade Mobile Beach near the police academy. Melawai Beach is the most popular for local citizens. Balikpapan is a departure point for nature tourism. Wain River Protected Forest, a Balikpapan natural reserve covering 10,000 hectares and also the habitat to a number of endangered animals, like the Beruang Madu (honey bear) which are sun bears endemic to the area, Orangutans and Proboscis monkeys or Bekantan. Wain river reserve, moreover, houses a number of endangered plants. Near Balikpapan is also a crocodile farm called Teritip, in Lamaru. There is also a well known forest site which has been developed for visitors at Bukit Bangkirai rainforest, about 45 minutes by car from Balikpapan. A mangrove forest at Kariangau is a worthwhile tourist attraction at Balikpapan. There are still some Japanese artillery sites from World War II, and there is a military monument at Kampung Baru. Balikpapan Botanical Garden
It is the first Botanical Garden in Kalimantan as a part of Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain'' (Wain River Conservation Forest) with total area and still has orangutan, sunbear, deer, and some endemic species of Kalimantan birds. Balikpapan Botanical Garden, which is located at kilometer 15 on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, was officially opened on 20 August 2014. It has 1,200 types of lowland hardwood trees, covers and is known as the "green open space" of the city. At the opening ceremony, Forestry Minister Zulkifli Hasan expressed the hope that the Botanical Garden would rival Gardens by the Bay in Singapore.
Покупки
Как один из самых быстро развивающихся городов страны, Баликпапан пережил бум благодаря развитию торговых центров. В городе насчитывается шесть крупных торговых центра: Plaza Balikpapan, Balikpapan Superblock, Pentacity Mall Balikpapan, Balcony City, Mall Fantasy в Баликпапане Бару и Plaza Kebun Sayur.
As one of the fastest developing cities in the nation, Balikpapan has been supported by the rise of shopping centers. There are six major shopping malls in town which are Plaza Balikpapan, Balikpapan Superblock, Pentacity Mall Balikpapan, Balcony City, Mall Fantasy in Balikpapan Baru, and Plaza Kebun Sayur.
Аэропорт
Баликпапан обслуживается аэропортом Султана Аджи Мухаммада Сулеймана, ранее известным как аэропорт Сепинган. Аэропорт способен обслуживать 10 миллионов пассажиров в год и располагает службами иммиграционного контроля, удобствами для пассажиров, офисами представителей компаний, ресторанами, магазинами и многим другим. Аэропорт оборудован 11 телетрапами и четырьмя многоуровневыми парковками.
Balikpapan is served by Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport, which was previously known as Sepinggan airport. The airport has capacity to serve 10 million passengers per year, as well as immigration, passenger convenience, company reps offices, restaurants, shopping and many others. The airport is equipped with 11 aerobridges and four level parking garages.
Морские порты
В заливе Баликпапан расположено несколько государственных и частных морских портов. Порт Семаянг обслуживает коммерческие суда, следующие во многие города Индонезии, включая Джакарту, Макассар, Манадо, Паре-Паре и Сурабаю. В 1990-х годах морские перевозки были очень популярны. Сегодня, благодаря более доступным и эффективным авиаперелетам, все больше людей предпочитают путешествовать самолетом. Паром остается основным видом транспорта для поездок в Пенаджам. Морской порт Кариангау был построен для обслуживания контейнеров и других промышленных нужд. Он находится на 13-м километре и является частью индустриального парка Кариангау.
There are several public and private sea ports located at Balikpapan Bay. Semayang seaport serves commercial boats to many destinations to Indonesia including Jakarta, Makassar, Manado, Pare Pare and Surabaya. In the 1990s maritime transport was very popular. Today, due to more affordable and efficient airplane travel, more people choose to fly. Taking the ferry is a main choice for traveling to Penajam. Kariangau Seaport was built to serve containers and all other industrial needs. It is located in km.13, as part of Kariangau Industrial Estate.
Общественный транспорт
Существуют различные виды местного транспорта, включая анкот, о́жек, такси и шаттлы. Также доступны услуги онлайн-транспорта.
There are various kinds of local transport, including angkot, ojek, taxicabs and shuttle bus service. Online transportation are also available.
Автобусный вокзал
Главный автобусный терминал — Терминал Бату Ампар (расположен в Бату Ампаре, Баликпапане Утара), и одним из основных направлений является Самаринда.
There is main bus terminal is Terminal Batu Ampar (located in Batu Ampar, Balikpapan Utara) and one of major destination rute is Samarinda.
Плата за проезд по платной дороге Баликпапан - Самаринда
Баликпапан соединен Транскалимантанским шоссе Южного маршрута. От Баликпапана до Самаринды шоссе проходит параллельно первой автомагистрали с контролируемым доступом на Борнео. Автодорога с платой за проезд Баликпапан — Самаринда была введена в эксплуатацию в начале 2020 года на участках 2–4 и открыта на участках 1 и 5 в мае 2021 года.
Balikpapan is connected by Trans Kalimantan Highway Southern Route. From Balikpapan to Samarinda, the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled access expressway in Borneo, the Balikpapan–Samarinda Toll Road was operational by the beginning of 2020 in section 2–4, and opened in section 1 and 5 in May 2021.