Введение
Саентологическая концепция жизненной силы
In Scientology, the concept of the thetan ('/θ//eɪ//t//ən/) is similar to the concept of self, or the spirit or soul as found in several belief systems. The term is derived from the Greek letter Θ, theta, which in Scientology beliefs represents "the source of life, or life itself." Thetan has been described as:
A "thetan is an immortal spiritual being; the human soul." "The being who is the individual and who handles and lives in the body." "A thetan is not a thing, a thetan is the creator of things." Hubbard first introduced his ideas of "theta beings" in a lecture series of March 1952. He attributed the coining of the word to his wife Mary Sue. As an essential point of Scientology doctrine, a person's sense of identity and self awareness stem entirely from the "thetan". It is redundant to refer to "a person's thetan", because the person does not exist independently. Hubbard once defined a thetan as: " having no mass, no wave length, no energy, no measurable qualities and no time or location in space except by consideration or postulate. The spirit is not a thing. It is the creator of things. "</blockquote>Although Hubbard did not name the doctor concerned, there was indeed such an attempt, by Duncan MacDougall, to measure the weight of dying patients to determine the weight of the soul, although MacDougall's experiments took place about fifty years before Hubbard's lectures, not fifteen or twenty, and are generally not regarded as having any scientific validity. According to Hubbard's son Ronald DeWolf (born L. Ron Hubbard Jr.), his father stated that thetans are immortal and perpetual, having willed themselves into existence at some point several trillion years ago. After they originated, thetans generated "points to view" or "dimension points", causing space to come into existence. They agreed that other thetans' dimension points existed, thus bringing into existence the entire universe. In the primordial past, according to Scientologist teachings, thetans brought the material universe into being largely for their own pleasure." The universe is thought to have no independent reality, but to derive its apparent reality from the fact that most thetans agree it exists. Scientologists believe that thetans fell from grace when they began to identify with their creation, rather than their original state of spiritual purity. Thetans are believed to be reborn time and time again in new bodies through a process called "assumption" which is analogous to reincarnation. Jon Atack, whose book A Piece of Blue Sky details how he reached Operating Thetan level V before leaving Scientology, describes Hubbard's doctrines about thetans: "Thetans are all knowing beings, and became bored because there were no surprises. Hubbard asserted that the single most important desire in all beings is to have a 'game'. To have a 'game' it was necessary to 'not know' certain things, so certain perceptions were negated ('not is ed')." Since thetans knew everything, this required them to abandon or suppress perceptions and knowledge. Over time, the loss of perception accumulated and certain thetans began to cause harm to others. MEST (physical) beings also sought to "trap" thetans in order to control them. Thetans came to learn contrition, punishing themselves for their own "harmful" acts. According to Hubbard, an essential part of the thetans' game was the "conquest" of matter, energy, space, and time by the life force, theta. This has produced multiple universes which have ended and begun in succession, each new one being more solid and entrapping than the last. The thetans have by now become so enmeshed in the physical universe that many have identified themselves totally with it, forgetting their quadrillions of years of existence and their original godly powers. Religious scholar Richard Holloway writes that thetans were not created, but they created themselves, adopting and creating the human body as a vehicle for existence.
В саентологии концепция тетана (/θ/eɪ/t/ən/) сопоставима с концепцией "я", или духа, или души, как она встречается в различных верованиях. Термин происходит от греческой буквы Θ, тета, которая в саентологических убеждениях представляет собой "источник жизни, или саму жизнь". Тетан описывается как: "Тетан – это бессмертное духовное существо; человеческая душа". "Существо, которое является личностью и которое управляет и обитает в теле". "Тетан – это не вещь, тетан – создатель вещей". Хаббард впервые представил свои идеи о "тета-существах" в серии лекций в марте 1952 года. Он приписывает создание этого слова своей жене Мэри Сью. Как основополагающий пункт саентологической доктрины, чувство идентичности и самосознание человека полностью проистекают от "тетана". Упоминать "тетана человека" излишне, поскольку человек не существует независимо. Хаббард однажды определил тетана как: "не имеющий массы, длины волны, энергии, измеримых качеств и времени или местоположения в пространстве, кроме как посредством рассмотрения или постулата. Дух – это не вещь. Он – создатель вещей".
In Scientology, the concept of the thetan ('/θ//eɪ//t//ən/) is similar to the concept of self, or the spirit or soul as found in several belief systems. The term is derived from the Greek letter Θ, theta, which in Scientology beliefs represents "the source of life, or life itself." Thetan has been described as:
A "thetan is an immortal spiritual being; the human soul." "The being who is the individual and who handles and lives in the body." "A thetan is not a thing, a thetan is the creator of things." Hubbard first introduced his ideas of "theta beings" in a lecture series of March 1952. He attributed the coining of the word to his wife Mary Sue. As an essential point of Scientology doctrine, a person's sense of identity and self awareness stem entirely from the "thetan". It is redundant to refer to "a person's thetan", because the person does not exist independently. Hubbard once defined a thetan as: " having no mass, no wave length, no energy, no measurable qualities and no time or location in space except by consideration or postulate. The spirit is not a thing. It is the creator of things. "</blockquote>Although Hubbard did not name the doctor concerned, there was indeed such an attempt, by Duncan MacDougall, to measure the weight of dying patients to determine the weight of the soul, although MacDougall's experiments took place about fifty years before Hubbard's lectures, not fifteen or twenty, and are generally not regarded as having any scientific validity. According to Hubbard's son Ronald DeWolf (born L. Ron Hubbard Jr.), his father stated that thetans are immortal and perpetual, having willed themselves into existence at some point several trillion years ago. After they originated, thetans generated "points to view" or "dimension points", causing space to come into existence. They agreed that other thetans' dimension points existed, thus bringing into existence the entire universe. In the primordial past, according to Scientologist teachings, thetans brought the material universe into being largely for their own pleasure." The universe is thought to have no independent reality, but to derive its apparent reality from the fact that most thetans agree it exists. Scientologists believe that thetans fell from grace when they began to identify with their creation, rather than their original state of spiritual purity. Thetans are believed to be reborn time and time again in new bodies through a process called "assumption" which is analogous to reincarnation. Jon Atack, whose book A Piece of Blue Sky details how he reached Operating Thetan level V before leaving Scientology, describes Hubbard's doctrines about thetans: "Thetans are all knowing beings, and became bored because there were no surprises. Hubbard asserted that the single most important desire in all beings is to have a 'game'. To have a 'game' it was necessary to 'not know' certain things, so certain perceptions were negated ('not is ed')." Since thetans knew everything, this required them to abandon or suppress perceptions and knowledge. Over time, the loss of perception accumulated and certain thetans began to cause harm to others. MEST (physical) beings also sought to "trap" thetans in order to control them. Thetans came to learn contrition, punishing themselves for their own "harmful" acts. According to Hubbard, an essential part of the thetans' game was the "conquest" of matter, energy, space, and time by the life force, theta. This has produced multiple universes which have ended and begun in succession, each new one being more solid and entrapping than the last. The thetans have by now become so enmeshed in the physical universe that many have identified themselves totally with it, forgetting their quadrillions of years of existence and their original godly powers. Religious scholar Richard Holloway writes that thetans were not created, but they created themselves, adopting and creating the human body as a vehicle for existence.
Хотя Хаббард не назвал врача, проводившего эксперименты, Дункан Макдугалл действительно пытался измерить вес умирающих пациентов, чтобы определить вес души. Однако эксперименты Макдугалла проводились примерно за пятьдесят лет до лекций Хаббарда, а не за пятнадцать или двадцать, и обычно не признаются имеющими какую-либо научную ценность. По словам сына Хаббарда, Рональда ДеВулфа (родившегося как Л. Рон Хаббард-младший), его отец утверждал, что тетаны бессмертны и вечны, проявив себя в существование несколько триллионов лет назад. После своего возникновения тетаны создали "точки зрения" или "точки измерения", в результате чего возникло пространство. Они согласились с тем, что точки измерения других тетанов существуют, таким образом создав всю Вселенную. В первозданном прошлом, согласно саентологическим учениям, тетаны создали материальную Вселенную в основном для собственного удовольствия. Считается, что Вселенная не имеет независимой реальности, а получает свою кажущуюся реальность из того факта, что большинство тетанов согласны с тем, что она существует. Саентологи верят, что тетаны "пали" когда начали отождествлять себя со своим творением, а не со своим первоначальным состоянием духовной чистоты. Считается, что тетаны перерождаются снова и снова в новых телах посредством процесса, называемого "принятием", который аналогичен реинкарнации. Джон Атак, в своей книге "Кусочек голубого неба", подробно описывает, как он достиг уровня V Оперативного тетана, прежде чем покинуть Саентологию, описывает доктрины Хаббарда о тетанах: "Тетаны – всезнающие существа, и им стало скучно, потому что не было неожиданностей. Хаббард утверждал, что самое важное желание всех существ – иметь "игру". Чтобы иметь "игру", необходимо было "не знать" определенных вещей, поэтому определенные восприятия были подавлены ("не-есть"). Поскольку тетаны знали все, им требовалось отказаться от восприятий и знаний. Со временем потеря восприятия накапливалась, и некоторые тетаны начали причинять вред другим. Существа МЕСТ (физического мира) также стремились "поймать" тетанов, чтобы контролировать их. Тетаны научились раскаянию, наказывая себя за свои "вредные" поступки. По словам Хаббарда, существенная часть игры тетанов заключалась в "завоевании" материи, энергии, пространства и времени жизненной силой, тетой. Это породило множество вселенных, которые заканчивались и начинались последовательно, каждая новая вселенная была более плотной и ограничивающей, чем предыдущая. Тетаны настолько запутались в физической Вселенной, что многие полностью отождествляют себя с ней, забыв о своих квадриллионах лет существования и своих изначальных божественных силах. Религиозный ученый Ричард Холлоуэй пишет, что тетаны не были созданы, но они создали себя, приняв и создав человеческое тело как средство существования.
In Scientology, the concept of the thetan ('/θ//eɪ//t//ən/) is similar to the concept of self, or the spirit or soul as found in several belief systems. The term is derived from the Greek letter Θ, theta, which in Scientology beliefs represents "the source of life, or life itself." Thetan has been described as:
A "thetan is an immortal spiritual being; the human soul." "The being who is the individual and who handles and lives in the body." "A thetan is not a thing, a thetan is the creator of things." Hubbard first introduced his ideas of "theta beings" in a lecture series of March 1952. He attributed the coining of the word to his wife Mary Sue. As an essential point of Scientology doctrine, a person's sense of identity and self awareness stem entirely from the "thetan". It is redundant to refer to "a person's thetan", because the person does not exist independently. Hubbard once defined a thetan as: " having no mass, no wave length, no energy, no measurable qualities and no time or location in space except by consideration or postulate. The spirit is not a thing. It is the creator of things. "</blockquote>Although Hubbard did not name the doctor concerned, there was indeed such an attempt, by Duncan MacDougall, to measure the weight of dying patients to determine the weight of the soul, although MacDougall's experiments took place about fifty years before Hubbard's lectures, not fifteen or twenty, and are generally not regarded as having any scientific validity. According to Hubbard's son Ronald DeWolf (born L. Ron Hubbard Jr.), his father stated that thetans are immortal and perpetual, having willed themselves into existence at some point several trillion years ago. After they originated, thetans generated "points to view" or "dimension points", causing space to come into existence. They agreed that other thetans' dimension points existed, thus bringing into existence the entire universe. In the primordial past, according to Scientologist teachings, thetans brought the material universe into being largely for their own pleasure." The universe is thought to have no independent reality, but to derive its apparent reality from the fact that most thetans agree it exists. Scientologists believe that thetans fell from grace when they began to identify with their creation, rather than their original state of spiritual purity. Thetans are believed to be reborn time and time again in new bodies through a process called "assumption" which is analogous to reincarnation. Jon Atack, whose book A Piece of Blue Sky details how he reached Operating Thetan level V before leaving Scientology, describes Hubbard's doctrines about thetans: "Thetans are all knowing beings, and became bored because there were no surprises. Hubbard asserted that the single most important desire in all beings is to have a 'game'. To have a 'game' it was necessary to 'not know' certain things, so certain perceptions were negated ('not is ed')." Since thetans knew everything, this required them to abandon or suppress perceptions and knowledge. Over time, the loss of perception accumulated and certain thetans began to cause harm to others. MEST (physical) beings also sought to "trap" thetans in order to control them. Thetans came to learn contrition, punishing themselves for their own "harmful" acts. According to Hubbard, an essential part of the thetans' game was the "conquest" of matter, energy, space, and time by the life force, theta. This has produced multiple universes which have ended and begun in succession, each new one being more solid and entrapping than the last. The thetans have by now become so enmeshed in the physical universe that many have identified themselves totally with it, forgetting their quadrillions of years of existence and their original godly powers. Religious scholar Richard Holloway writes that thetans were not created, but they created themselves, adopting and creating the human body as a vehicle for existence.
Тетаны и смерть
Несаентологи Джоэл Саппелл и Роберт Велкос в статье 1990 года в LA Times описали, как саентологи верят, что когда человек умирает – или, в терминологии саентологии, когда тетан покидает физическое тело – он попадает на "станцию приземления" на планете Венера, где тетан вновь имплантируется и ему лгут о его прошлой и будущей жизни. Венерианцы берут тетана, "инкапсулируют" его и отправляют обратно на Землю, чтобы выбросить в океан у побережья Калифорнии. Они приводят слова Хаббарда: "Если ты сможешь выбраться из этого, пройти через это и побродить по городам, чтобы найти девушку, которая, кажется, собирается выйти замуж или родить ребенка, или что-то в этом роде, ты в порядке. И если ты сможешь найти родильное отделение в больнице или что-то подобное, ты в безопасности. И в конце концов ты просто подберешь ребенка". Хотя концепция тетана, разработанная Хаббардом, привела к созданию сложной космологии, доктринальная структура, которую он создал, основана на следующих утверждениях: "Человек – бессмертное духовное существо. Его опыт простирается далеко за пределы одной жизни. Его возможности безграничны, даже если в данный момент они не реализованы".
Операционный тетан
Согласно учению Саентологии, тетан существует, независимо от того, воплощён ли он в человеческом теле или нет. Саентология позиционирует себя как способную "восстановить" тетана последователя до состояния, в котором он может функционировать с "телесной оболочкой" или без неё. Термин "оперативный тетан" в этом случае применяется так же, как и при управлении телом. Уровни Оперативного Тетана (ОТ) – это продвинутые курсы в Саентологии. Церковь определяет "Оперативный Тетан" как "обладающий знанием и волей быть причиной жизни, мысли, материи, энергии, пространства и времени (MEST)". Церковь Саентологии утверждает как догму, что личность существует с телом или без него.
Тетановый
Тело тетана – это отделившийся тетан, "застрявший" в, на или рядом с человеческим телом, и утверждается, что все человеческие тела заражены этими бесплотными тетанами или их группами. Эта информация не раскрывается саентологам до достижения ими раздела III уровней Оперативного Тетана (обычно называемого "OT III"). Хаббард утверждал, что тела тетанов являются результатом доисторического "инцидента" с участием Зену.