Введение
Пакистанский политик Махдум Мухаммад Джавед Хашми (род. 1 января 1948 года)
Makhdoom Muhammad Javed Hashmi (; born 1 January 1948
After serving as a cabinet minister in the Sharif's administrations in the 1990s, Hashmi aligned himself on the realist school of international relations and was a proponent of supporting the civilian control on the federal government and the military. Initially supporting the impeachment movement against Pervez Musharraf with Nawaz Sharif, he drifted apart from the PML(N) to join the Imran Khan's PTI in 2011 but was ousted after disagreeing with the demonstration against the elected government, which he viewed that it had the support from the military to destabilized the elected Sharif administration in 2014. Without political support, Hashmi lost the byelection and went on to join the PML(N) after reconciling his differences on the policy matters with the Nawaz Sharif in 2018. Besides his political career, Hashmi is a prolific writer on geopolitics and geostrategy, and is an author of geopolitical book, "Yes! I'm a Rebel, where he successfully calculated the danger of the foreign supported homegrown terrorism in Pakistan and precisely placing a prediction on Musharraf government's weakening the state of Pakistan. Other sources noted his birthplace in Lahore with same date and year of birth; though, he confirmed his date of birth and year as well as birthplace on 1 January 1948 in Multan. His family was known for their participation in the Pakistan Movement and was part of the Muslim League since its inception in 1906. After his matriculation in 1968, Hashmi went to attend the Emerson College in Multan but made a transfer to the Punjab University in Lahore in 1970, where he became involved in student politics on the platform of the Islami Jamiat e Talaba, the student wing of the Jamaat e Islami– a far right party. In 1969, he secured his graduation from the Punjab University with BSc. in Political Science. In 1978, Hashmi was taken in the Zia administration as the Minister of State for Youth and Student Affairs, and was the youngest minister at the age of 29. However, he later expressed his uncomfortableness with working with the uniform officials and soon departed from the administration where he began practicing law at the Lahore High Court while filling the role of agriculturist at his family farms. In 1998, he visited Switzerland to attend the environmental and climate change conference but immediately return to Pakistan after learning of India's nuclear tests in Rajasthan. In 2001, Hashmi led the strong conservative demonstration against President Pervez Musharraf's geostrategy on the War on Terror that led to the U. S. invasion in Afghanistan. During this time, Shuja'at Hussain, the head of the PML(Q) supporting President Musharraf, made an unsuccessful attempt to recruiting him and Nisar Ali Khan into his faction to provide political advocacy for President Musharraf in 2002. In 2002, the PML(N) announced to participate in the nationwide general elections with Hashmi earning the combined nomination from the Opposition alliance in the Parliament for the Prime Ministership against Mir Zafarullah Jamali of the PML(Q); Hashmi later conceded his defeat in the elections due to counting of the electoral college. Hearings of his trials were held in the Adiala Prison and the session court at the Lahore High Court, which raised doubts among human rights groups about its fairness. The verdict was widely criticized in Pakistan and was considered as a wilful miscarriage of justice by the Musharraf administration, and the ARD and the MMA termed this verdict to be politically motivated by the ruling junta with malicious intent, declaring him to be a political prisoner. On 3 August 2007, a three member bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan under Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry granted him bail after serving approximately three and a half years in prison. He spoke against of the strategic partnership act offered by the United States, and released a very strong reaction on Inter Services Public Relations, which he termed the Kerry Lugar Bill, an interference on part of Americans in country's intelligence community. Over the issue of the Memogate scandal that implicated the former President Asif Ali Zardari and Parliament's failure for its investigation, Hashmi reportedly Hashmi submitted his resignation from Parliament, claiming that "this parliament is a dummy and not passing real legislation" on 7 May 2011. On 24 December 2011, Hashmi reportedly cut his ties from the PML(N) and joined the PTI and addressed a rally in support of Imran Khan in Karachi on 25 December 2011. Though, he also warned Imran Khan of his dissenting approach if Imran Khan did not deliver his party's manifesto as promised to the voters. During the general elections held in 2013, Hashmi successfully defended the NA 48 in Islamabad, and NA 149 in Multan on PTI's platform but later relinquished the NA 48 in favor of PTI's worker. He stood against Nawaz Sharif's candidacy in the National Assembly when the vote of confidence measure took place, and reportedly spoke in favor of Nawaz Sharif where he reportedly quoted in the televised conference: "Political differences aside, Nawaz is my political leader and will remain so." On 14 August 2014, Hashmi voiced serious and irreconcilable concerns when Imran Khan decided to lead a massive protests against alleged rigging in the general elections when the decision towards the Dharna at the Constitution Avenue in Islamabad; though he decided to address the march on Khan's request. On 31 August 2014, Hashmi left the party in distraught and in anger when the Imran Khan's march attacked the media reporters and was violently moved towards the Prime Minister's Secretariat under Khan's orders. On 1 September 2014, Hashmi accused the Pakistan Army of destabilizing the civilian writ of Sharif administration and wasn't well received by Imran Khan who later issued the show cause notice which results in Hashmi leaving the PTI. The PTI later refused to accept his resignation instead Imran Khan ousted him from the party on 26 September 2014.
После работы в качестве министра в администрациях Шарифа в 1990-х годах, Хашми придерживался реалистической школы международных отношений и выступал за поддержку гражданского контроля над федеральным правительством и армией. Первоначально поддержав движение за импичмент Первеза Мушаррафа вместе с Навазом Шарифом, он отошел от ПМЛ(Н) и присоединился к ПТИ Имрана Хана в 2011 году, но был отстранен после несогласия с демонстрацией против избранного правительства, которую он считал поддержанной армией с целью дестабилизировать администрацию Шарифа в 2014 году. Не имея политической поддержки, Хашми проиграл промежуточные выборы и присоединился к ПМЛ(Н) после урегулирования разногласий по политическим вопросам с Навазом Шарифом в 2018 году. Помимо политической карьеры, Хашми является плодовитым автором работ по геополитике и геостратегии, а также автором геополитической книги «Да! Я – мятежник», где он успешно оценил опасность иностранного спонсируемого домашнего терроризма в Пакистане и точно предсказал ослабление пакистанского государства правительством Мушаррафа. Другие источники указывают Лахор в качестве места его рождения с той же датой и годом рождения; однако он подтвердил дату и год своего рождения, а также место рождения – 1 января 1948 года в Мултане. Его семья была известна своим участием в движении за Пакистан и являлась частью Мусульманской лиги с момента ее основания в 1906 году. После окончания школы в 1968 году Хашми поступил в колледж Эмерсона в Мултане, но в 1970 году перевелся в Университет Пенджаба в Лахоре, где участвовал в студенческой политике на платформе «Ислами Джамиат-э-Талаба» – студенческого крыла партии «Джамаат-э-Ислами», крайне правой партии. В 1969 году он получил степень бакалавра политических наук в Университете Пенджаба. В 1978 году Хашми был принят в администрацию Зиа в качестве государственного министра по делам молодежи и студентов и стал самым молодым министром в возрасте 29 лет. Однако позже он выразил свое неудовольствие работой с чиновниками в форме и вскоре покинул администрацию, начав заниматься юридической практикой в Высшем суде Лахора, одновременно занимаясь сельским хозяйством на семейных фермах. В 1998 году он посетил Швейцарию для участия в конференции по вопросам окружающей среды и изменения климата, но немедленно вернулся в Пакистан, узнав о ядерных испытаниях Индии в Раджастане. В 2001 году Хашми возглавил мощную консервативную демонстрацию против геостратегии президента Первеза Мушаррафа в «Войне с террором», которая привела к вторжению США в Афганистан. В то время Шуджаат Хуссейн, глава ПМЛ(Q), поддерживавший президента Мушаррафа, предпринял неудачную попытку переманить его и Нисара Али Хана в свою фракцию, чтобы обеспечить политическую поддержку президента Мушаррафа в 2002 году. В 2002 году ПМЛ(Н) объявила об участии в общенациональных выборах, и Хашми получил объединенную номинацию от оппозиционного альянса в парламенте на пост премьер-министра против Мира Зафаруллы Джамали из ПМЛ(Q); Хашми позже признал свое поражение на выборах из-за подсчета голосов выборщиков. Слушания по его делам проходили в тюрьме Адиала и в сессионном суде при Высшем суде Лахора, что вызвало сомнения среди правозащитных групп относительно их справедливости. Приговор был широко раскритикован в Пакистане и рассматривался как преднамеренное нарушение правосудия администрацией Мушаррафа, а ARD и MMA назвали этот приговор политически мотивированным правящей хунтой со злонамеренными намерениями, объявив его политическим заключенным. 3 августа 2007 года трехчленная коллегия Верховного суда Пакистана под председательством главного судьи Ифтикара Чаудхри предоставила ему залог после отбытия примерно трех с половиной лет в тюрьме. Он выступил против предложенного Соединенными Штатами закона о стратегическом партнерстве и выразил резкую реакцию на Межведомственные связи с общественностью, назвав законопроект Керри-Лугара вмешательством американцев в разведывательное сообщество страны. В связи со скандалом «Memogate», в котором был замешан бывший президент Асиф Али Зардари и неспособностью парламента провести расследование, Хашми, как сообщается, подал в отставку из парламента, заявив, что «этот парламент – марионетка и не принимает реальные законы» 7 мая 2011 года. 24 декабря 2011 года Хашми, как сообщается, разорвал связи с ПМЛ(Н) и присоединился к ПТИ, выступив на митинге в поддержку Имрана Хана в Карачи 25 декабря 2011 года. Однако он также предупредил Имрана Хана о своем несогласии, если Имран Хан не выполнит предвыборную программу, обещанную избирателям. Во время всеобщих выборов, состоявшихся в 2013 году, Хашми успешно защитил NA 48 в Исламабаде и NA 149 в Мултане на платформе ПТИ, но позже отказался от NA 48 в пользу активиста ПТИ. Он выступил против кандидатуры Наваза Шарифа в Национальной ассамблее, когда проходило голосование по вопросу доверия, и, как сообщается, высказался в поддержку Наваза Шарифа, где, как сообщается, заявил на телеконференции: «Отбросив политические разногласия, Наваз – мой политический лидер и останется таковым». 14 августа 2014 года Хашми выразил серьезные и непримиримые опасения, когда Имран Хан решил возглавить массовые протесты против предполагаемых фальсификаций на всеобщих выборах, когда было принято решение о проведении «Дхарны» на проспекте Конституции в Исламабаде; однако он согласился обратиться к марширующим по просьбе Хана. 31 августа 2014 года Хашми покинул партию в отчаянии и гневе, когда марш Имрана Хана напал на журналистов и был насильственно направлен к Секретариату премьер-министра по приказу Хана. 1 сентября 2014 года Хашми обвинил пакистанскую армию в дестабилизации гражданской власти администрации Шарифа, что не было хорошо воспринято Имраном Ханом, который позже выдал предписание о разъяснениях, что привело к уходу Хашми из ПТИ. Позже ПТИ отказалась принять его отставку, вместо этого Имран Хан отстранил его от должности в партии 26 сентября 2014 года.
Makhdoom Muhammad Javed Hashmi (; born 1 January 1948
After serving as a cabinet minister in the Sharif's administrations in the 1990s, Hashmi aligned himself on the realist school of international relations and was a proponent of supporting the civilian control on the federal government and the military. Initially supporting the impeachment movement against Pervez Musharraf with Nawaz Sharif, he drifted apart from the PML(N) to join the Imran Khan's PTI in 2011 but was ousted after disagreeing with the demonstration against the elected government, which he viewed that it had the support from the military to destabilized the elected Sharif administration in 2014. Without political support, Hashmi lost the byelection and went on to join the PML(N) after reconciling his differences on the policy matters with the Nawaz Sharif in 2018. Besides his political career, Hashmi is a prolific writer on geopolitics and geostrategy, and is an author of geopolitical book, "Yes! I'm a Rebel, where he successfully calculated the danger of the foreign supported homegrown terrorism in Pakistan and precisely placing a prediction on Musharraf government's weakening the state of Pakistan. Other sources noted his birthplace in Lahore with same date and year of birth; though, he confirmed his date of birth and year as well as birthplace on 1 January 1948 in Multan. His family was known for their participation in the Pakistan Movement and was part of the Muslim League since its inception in 1906. After his matriculation in 1968, Hashmi went to attend the Emerson College in Multan but made a transfer to the Punjab University in Lahore in 1970, where he became involved in student politics on the platform of the Islami Jamiat e Talaba, the student wing of the Jamaat e Islami– a far right party. In 1969, he secured his graduation from the Punjab University with BSc. in Political Science. In 1978, Hashmi was taken in the Zia administration as the Minister of State for Youth and Student Affairs, and was the youngest minister at the age of 29. However, he later expressed his uncomfortableness with working with the uniform officials and soon departed from the administration where he began practicing law at the Lahore High Court while filling the role of agriculturist at his family farms. In 1998, he visited Switzerland to attend the environmental and climate change conference but immediately return to Pakistan after learning of India's nuclear tests in Rajasthan. In 2001, Hashmi led the strong conservative demonstration against President Pervez Musharraf's geostrategy on the War on Terror that led to the U. S. invasion in Afghanistan. During this time, Shuja'at Hussain, the head of the PML(Q) supporting President Musharraf, made an unsuccessful attempt to recruiting him and Nisar Ali Khan into his faction to provide political advocacy for President Musharraf in 2002. In 2002, the PML(N) announced to participate in the nationwide general elections with Hashmi earning the combined nomination from the Opposition alliance in the Parliament for the Prime Ministership against Mir Zafarullah Jamali of the PML(Q); Hashmi later conceded his defeat in the elections due to counting of the electoral college. Hearings of his trials were held in the Adiala Prison and the session court at the Lahore High Court, which raised doubts among human rights groups about its fairness. The verdict was widely criticized in Pakistan and was considered as a wilful miscarriage of justice by the Musharraf administration, and the ARD and the MMA termed this verdict to be politically motivated by the ruling junta with malicious intent, declaring him to be a political prisoner. On 3 August 2007, a three member bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan under Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry granted him bail after serving approximately three and a half years in prison. He spoke against of the strategic partnership act offered by the United States, and released a very strong reaction on Inter Services Public Relations, which he termed the Kerry Lugar Bill, an interference on part of Americans in country's intelligence community. Over the issue of the Memogate scandal that implicated the former President Asif Ali Zardari and Parliament's failure for its investigation, Hashmi reportedly Hashmi submitted his resignation from Parliament, claiming that "this parliament is a dummy and not passing real legislation" on 7 May 2011. On 24 December 2011, Hashmi reportedly cut his ties from the PML(N) and joined the PTI and addressed a rally in support of Imran Khan in Karachi on 25 December 2011. Though, he also warned Imran Khan of his dissenting approach if Imran Khan did not deliver his party's manifesto as promised to the voters. During the general elections held in 2013, Hashmi successfully defended the NA 48 in Islamabad, and NA 149 in Multan on PTI's platform but later relinquished the NA 48 in favor of PTI's worker. He stood against Nawaz Sharif's candidacy in the National Assembly when the vote of confidence measure took place, and reportedly spoke in favor of Nawaz Sharif where he reportedly quoted in the televised conference: "Political differences aside, Nawaz is my political leader and will remain so." On 14 August 2014, Hashmi voiced serious and irreconcilable concerns when Imran Khan decided to lead a massive protests against alleged rigging in the general elections when the decision towards the Dharna at the Constitution Avenue in Islamabad; though he decided to address the march on Khan's request. On 31 August 2014, Hashmi left the party in distraught and in anger when the Imran Khan's march attacked the media reporters and was violently moved towards the Prime Minister's Secretariat under Khan's orders. On 1 September 2014, Hashmi accused the Pakistan Army of destabilizing the civilian writ of Sharif administration and wasn't well received by Imran Khan who later issued the show cause notice which results in Hashmi leaving the PTI. The PTI later refused to accept his resignation instead Imran Khan ousted him from the party on 26 September 2014.
Присоединение к PML (N) и политические позиции
12 мая 2018 года Хашми вместе с дочерью встретился с Навазом Шарифом и объявил о возобновлении членства в ПМЛ(Н) после урегулирования разногласий по политическим вопросам с Навазом Шарифом. На этой встрече Хашми высоко оценил вклад Наваза Шарифа в развитие страны и, как сообщается, похвалил его старшую дочь Момуну и дочь Шарифа Мэриам за поддержку политической программы партии. 20 июля 2010 года Хашми был госпитализирован в больницу Ништар после кровоизлияния в мозг, а также перенес инсульт из-за внутреннего кровотечения. Позже он был помещен в больницу с незначительной лихорадкой. Однако результаты КТ-ангиографии оказались в норме.